有拘留史的非裔美国女性中帮派参与情况及健康相关因素的关联
Correlates of gang involvement and health-related factors among African American females with a detention history.
作者信息
Voisin Dexter R, King Kelly M, Diclemente Ralph J, Carry Monique
机构信息
School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
STI/HIV Intervention Network, Chicago, IL, USA.
出版信息
Child Youth Serv Rev. 2014 Sep;44:120-126. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.05.001.
BACKGROUND
Prior studies have assessed relationships between gang membership and health-related factors. However, the existing literature has largely failed to consider how individual and broader social contextual factors might be related to such gang involvement among African American females. Thus, the aim of the present study was to identify empirically driven correlates of gang involvement and then better understand the relationship between gang membership and health-related behaviors for African American females, after controlling for covariates of gang involvement.
METHODS
Data were collected from a convenience sample of detained African American adolescents females, between the ages of 13-17, currently incarcerated in a short-term detention facility in Atlanta, Georgia (= 188). After obtaining written informed assent and parental permission, participants answered survey questions using A-CASI procedures that assessed socio-contextual factors and health-related behaviors.
RESULTS
Multiple logistic regression models controlling for age and SES documented that low self-esteem, emotional dysregulation, trauma history, deviant peers, low parental monitoring, infrequent parental communication, housing instability and poor neighborhood quality were correlates of gang involvement. In addition, multiple linear and logistic regression models, controlling for these constructs, revealed that gang involvement was independently associated with lower STD prevention knowledge, a higher likelihood of having a gang-involved boyfriend, a greater risk of having current casual sexual partnerships, higher rates of substance abuse, higher incidences of condom misuse and a lower likelihood of ever having been tested for HIV.
CONCLUSIONS
These results provide information that can help service providers target certain profiles of African American females who may be at risk for joining gangs and address the health risk behaviors that may be associated with such memberships.
背景
先前的研究评估了帮派成员身份与健康相关因素之间的关系。然而，现有文献在很大程度上未能考虑个体因素和更广泛的社会背景因素可能如何与非裔美国女性参与此类帮派活动相关。因此，本研究的目的是确定基于实证的帮派参与相关因素，然后在控制帮派参与的协变量后，更好地理解非裔美国女性的帮派成员身份与健康相关行为之间的关系。
方法
数据收集自年龄在13 - 17岁之间、目前被关押在佐治亚州亚特兰大一个短期拘留设施中的非裔美国青少年女性的便利样本（= 188）。在获得书面知情同意和家长许可后，参与者使用音频计算机辅助自我访谈（A - CASI）程序回答了评估社会背景因素和健康相关行为的调查问题。
结果
控制年龄和社会经济地位（SES）的多重逻辑回归模型表明，低自尊、情绪失调、创伤史、不良同伴、低父母监管、不频繁的父母沟通、住房不稳定和邻里质量差是帮派参与的相关因素。此外，控制这些因素的多重线性和逻辑回归模型显示，帮派参与与较低的性传播疾病（STD）预防知识、有帮派成员男友的较高可能性、当前有随意性伴侣的较大风险、较高的药物滥用率、较高的避孕套误用发生率以及从未接受过艾滋病毒检测的较低可能性独立相关。
结论
这些结果提供了有助于服务提供者针对可能有加入帮派风险的特定非裔美国女性群体，并解决可能与此类成员身份相关的健康风险行为的信息。
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