涉法青少年的物质使用与 HIV：相交的风险。
Substance Use and HIV Among Justice-Involved Youth: Intersecting Risks.
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, Division of Infant Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, San Francisco, CA, USA.
出版信息
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2019 Feb;16(1):37-47. doi: 10.1007/s11904-019-00424-x.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review discusses recent advances in research on the intersection of HIV prevention and substance use among youth involved with the justice system. We discuss current themes of recent findings and provide guidance for researchers, policymakers, and clinicians on the next steps in advancing work in this nascent area.
RECENT FINDINGS
Of the 46 studies that measured HIV risk and substance use among justice-involved youth, 56% were cross-sectional designs, 22% were intervention trials, and 22% were longitudinal designs. Cross-sectional studies suggested that substance use is highly associated with HIV risk behaviors. Longitudinal analyses underscored the importance of understanding contextual risk factors, such as trauma and violence. Intervention trials demonstrated improved scientific rigor of behavioral approaches. Despite recent advances, research in this field remains limited. Future directions include longer follow-up periods, consideration of biomedical HIV-prevention interventions, and a focus on dissemination and implementation science of efficacious interventions.
摘要
目的综述
本综述讨论了当前关于司法系统中涉及的青少年中艾滋病毒预防和物质使用交叉问题的研究进展。我们讨论了近期发现的当前主题，并为研究人员、政策制定者和临床医生提供了在这一新兴领域推进工作的下一步指导。
最近的发现
在 46 项衡量涉及司法的青少年的艾滋病毒风险和物质使用的研究中，56%为横断面设计，22%为干预试验，22%为纵向设计。横断面研究表明，物质使用与艾滋病毒风险行为高度相关。纵向分析强调了理解创伤和暴力等背景风险因素的重要性。干预试验证明了行为方法的科学严谨性有所提高。尽管最近取得了进展，但该领域的研究仍然有限。未来的方向包括更长的随访期、考虑生物医学艾滋病毒预防干预措施，以及关注有效的干预措施的传播和实施科学。
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