Bollweg Brigid C, Silva-Flannery Luciana, Spivey Pamela, Hale Gillian L
Infectious Diseases Pathology BranchCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGAUSA.
J Pathol Clin Res. 2017 Dec 4;4(1):19-25. doi: 10.1002/cjp2.84. eCollection 2018 Jan.
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy can cause adverse fetal outcomes and severe irreversible congenital birth defects including microcephaly. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a valuable diagnostic tool for detecting ZIKV antigens in tissues from cases of fetal loss in women infected with ZIKV, and for providing insights into disease pathogenesis. As a result, there is increasing demand for commercially available ZIKV antibodies for use in IHC assays. ZIKV antibodies were selected and obtained from commercial sources to include both mouse and rabbit hosts, and a variety of antigenic targets. Pretreatment conditions and antibody concentrations resulting in optimal immunohistochemical staining were determined using ZIKV cell control and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed ZIKV case control material (fetal brain tissue). Cross-reactivity of the antibodies against other flaviviruses (dengue virus serogroups 1-4, yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus) and chikungunya virus was also evaluated. Immunostaining using the commercially available antibodies was compared to a previously validated ZIKV IHC assay used for primary diagnosis. Four antibodies demonstrated optimal staining similar to the previously validated ZIKV IHC assay. Two of the four antibodies cross-reacted with dengue virus, while the other two antibodies showed no cross-reactivity with dengue, other flaviviruses, or chikungunya virus. Differences in the cross-reactivity profiles could not be entirely explained by the antigenic target. Commercially available ZIKV antibodies can be optimized for use in IHC testing to aid in ZIKV diagnostic testing and an evaluation of tissue tropism.
孕期感染寨卡病毒（ZIKV）可导致不良胎儿结局以及包括小头畸形在内的严重不可逆先天性出生缺陷。免疫组织化学（IHC）是一种有价值的诊断工具，可用于检测感染ZIKV的女性胎儿丢失病例组织中的ZIKV抗原，并有助于深入了解疾病发病机制。因此，对用于IHC检测的市售ZIKV抗体的需求日益增加。从商业来源选择并获得了ZIKV抗体，包括小鼠和兔宿主以及多种抗原靶点。使用ZIKV细胞对照和聚合酶链反应（PCR）确诊的ZIKV病例对照材料（胎儿脑组织）确定了导致最佳免疫组织化学染色的预处理条件和抗体浓度。还评估了这些抗体对其他黄病毒（登革病毒血清型1-4、黄热病毒、日本脑炎病毒、西尼罗河病毒）和基孔肯雅病毒的交叉反应性。将使用市售抗体的免疫染色与先前用于初步诊断的经过验证的ZIKV IHC检测进行了比较。四种抗体表现出与先前验证的ZIKV IHC检测相似的最佳染色效果。四种抗体中的两种与登革病毒发生交叉反应，而另外两种抗体与登革病毒、其他黄病毒或基孔肯雅病毒均无交叉反应。交叉反应谱的差异不能完全由抗原靶点来解释。市售ZIKV抗体可优化用于IHC检测，以辅助ZIKV诊断检测并评估组织嗜性。
