Naruszewicz-Lesiuk Danuta, Stypułkowska-Misiurewicz Hanna
National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene
Przegl Epidemiol. 2017;71(4):661.
Cholera is an infectious disease that in the epidemic form should not continue to appear now, as is known from the experience of developed countries
The aim of this work is to bring to memory the epidemics of cholera, that were introduced to the territory of Poland, in the past and the role of National Institute of Hygiene (PZH) in the fight against them and to demonstrate contemporary danger from cholera outbreaks that still exists in the world
The information from the historic publications were analyzed, the results Polish research performed in National Institute of Hygiene in the second half of the XX century were collected and demonstrated the most recent information from in the world science publications on the subject of cholera and the conditions that were in the origin of the recent outbreaks of cholera mentioned
The data available for the number of cholera victims in the epidemics of XIX century is concerning the persons ill with characteristic clinical symptoms, but the data for XX century is concerning only patients that were infected with by the strain Vibrio cholerae O1 classic type, the bacteria that were described by R. Koch, but from the 70-years of XX century mostly the cases infected with Vibrio cholerae O1 type El-Tor, that was the etiologic agent of the seventh cholera pandemic
The origin of the epidemic cholera is depending on several conditions :appearance in water the infectious agent with the toxin producing character, ecological conditions of the surface waters, and on living conditions of human society which might be infected from the source of infection in water. The presence of the infectious agent in the natural waters should be always taken under special consideration car any worsening of living condition of the human population like natural disaster or war, may still create the dangers of the epidemic of infectious disease, as recently has happened with the outbreak of epidemic of cholera in Yemen
霍乱是一种传染病，从发达国家的经验来看，如今不应再以流行形式出现。
这项工作的目的是唤起人们对过去传入波兰领土的霍乱疫情以及国家卫生研究所（PZH）在抗击霍乱中所起作用的记忆，并展示当今世界仍然存在的霍乱疫情的当代危险。
分析历史出版物中的信息，收集波兰国家卫生研究所在20世纪下半叶进行的研究结果，并展示世界科学出版物中关于霍乱主题以及近期提及的霍乱疫情起源条件的最新信息。
19世纪霍乱疫情中霍乱受害者数量的数据涉及有典型临床症状的患者，但20世纪的数据仅涉及感染霍乱弧菌O1古典生物型的患者，该细菌由R.科赫描述，但从20世纪70年代起，大多数病例感染的是霍乱弧菌O1型埃尔托生物型，它是第七次霍乱大流行的病原体。
霍乱流行的起源取决于几个条件：水中出现具有产毒素特性的传染源、地表水的生态条件以及人类社会的生活条件，人类社会可能从水源感染源受到感染。天然水体中存在传染源应始终受到特别关注，因为人类生活条件的任何恶化，如自然灾害或战争，仍可能引发传染病流行的危险，就像最近也门霍乱疫情爆发那样。
