Charlton Sebastian J, Nielsen Mikkel B, Pedersen Carina R, Thomsen Lisette, Kristjansen Mads P, Sørensen Thomas B, Pertoldi Cino, Strand Julie
1 Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
2 Aalborg Zoo, Aalborg, Mølleparkvej 63, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark.
Zoolog Sci. 2018 Feb;35(1):1-22. doi: 10.2108/zs170037.
Between 1970 and 2012, vertebrate abundance has declined by 58% with an average annual decline of 2%, calling for serious action to prevent a mass extinction and an irreversible loss of biodiversity. Cryobanks and cryopreservation have the potential to assist and improve ex situ and in situ conservation strategies by storing valuable genetic material. A great deal of studies concerning cryopreservation have been performed within the class Mammalia, although no systematic overview has previously been presented. The objective of this study is therefore to evaluate the status, pattern and future of cryopreservation within Mammalia. A strong disproportional distribution of studies in examined orders is displayed. For the majority of examined orders less than 10% of species has been examined. However, the cryopreservation of germplasm has in several cases been successful and resulted in successful applications of assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs). Various obstacles are associated with the development of cryopreservation protocols, and among them the most prominent is interspecific differences in cryotolerance. Extrapolation of protocols in closely related species is considered the most applicable procedure, and a future supplement to overcome this problem is the examination and comparison of cryobiological traits. Successful protocols have been developed for the vast majority of domesticated mammals, which gives incentive for the further extrapolation of protocols in threatened species.
1970年至2012年间，脊椎动物数量减少了58%，平均每年减少2%，这就需要采取严肃行动来防止大规模灭绝以及生物多样性的不可逆转损失。种质库和冷冻保存有潜力通过储存宝贵的遗传物质来协助和改进迁地保护和就地保护策略。虽然此前没有系统性综述，但在哺乳纲内已经开展了大量关于冷冻保存的研究。因此，本研究的目的是评估哺乳纲内冷冻保存的现状、模式及未来。在所研究的目内，研究呈现出强烈的分布不均衡。对于大多数所研究的目，接受过研究的物种不到10%。然而，种质冷冻保存在若干情况下已取得成功，并带来了辅助生殖技术（ART）的成功应用。冷冻保存方案的制定存在各种障碍，其中最突出的是物种间冷冻耐受性的差异。在亲缘关系较近的物种间外推方案被认为是最适用的做法，而未来克服这一问题的补充措施是对低温生物学特性进行研究和比较。已为绝大多数家养哺乳动物制定了成功的方案，这为在濒危物种中进一步外推方案提供了动力。
