Anastas Zara M, Byrne Phillip G, O'Brien Justine K, Hobbs Rebecca J, Upton Rose, Silla Aimee J
School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
Taronga Institute of Science and Learning, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Jun 24;13(13):2094. doi: 10.3390/ani13132094.
Multidisciplinary approaches to conserve threatened species are required to curb biodiversity loss. Globally, amphibians are facing the most severe declines of any vertebrate class. In response, conservation breeding programs have been established in a growing number of amphibian species as a safeguard against further extinction. One of the main challenges to the long-term success of conservation breeding programs is the maintenance of genetic diversity, which, if lost, poses threats to the viability and adaptive potential of at-risk populations. Integrating reproductive technologies into conservation breeding programs can greatly assist genetic management and facilitate genetic exchange between captive and wild populations, as well as reinvigorate genetic diversity from expired genotypes. The generation of offspring produced via assisted fertilisation using frozen-thawed sperm has been achieved in a small but growing number of amphibian species and is poised to be a valuable tool for the genetic management of many more threatened species globally. This review discusses the role of sperm storage in amphibian conservation, presents the state of current technologies for the short-term cold storage and cryopreservation of amphibian sperm, and discusses the generation of cryo-derived offspring.
需要采取多学科方法来保护濒危物种，以遏制生物多样性丧失。在全球范围内，两栖动物面临着所有脊椎动物类别中最严重的数量下降。作为应对措施，越来越多的两栖动物物种建立了保护繁育计划，以防止进一步灭绝。保护繁育计划长期成功的主要挑战之一是维持遗传多样性，如果遗传多样性丧失，将对濒危种群的生存能力和适应潜力构成威胁。将生殖技术整合到保护繁育计划中，可以极大地协助遗传管理，促进圈养种群与野生种群之间的基因交流，并从已灭绝的基因型中恢复遗传多样性。在少数但数量不断增加的两栖动物物种中，已经实现了使用冻融精子通过辅助受精产生后代，这有望成为全球更多濒危物种遗传管理的宝贵工具。本综述讨论了精子储存在两栖动物保护中的作用，介绍了两栖动物精子短期冷藏和冷冻保存的现有技术状况，并讨论了冷冻衍生后代的产生。
