Leischner Carissa L, Crouch Michael, Allen Kari L, Marchi Damiano, Pastor Francisco, Hartstone-Rose Adam
Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, South Carolina.
Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis; Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, Washington.
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2018 Mar;301(3):484-495. doi: 10.1002/ar.23747.
It has been previously proposed that distal humerus morphology may reflect the locomotor pattern and substrate preferred by different primates. However, relationships between these behaviors and the morphological capabilities of muscles originating on these osteological structures have not been fully explored. Here, we present data about forearm muscle architecture in a sample of 44 primate species (N = 55 specimens): 9 strepsirrhines, 15 platyrrhines, and 20 catarrhines. The sample includes all major locomotor and substrate use groups. We isolated each antebrachial muscle and categorized them into functional groups: wrist and digital extensors and flexors, antebrachial mm. that do not cross the wrist, and functional combinations thereof. Muscle mass, physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA), reduced PCSA (RPCSA), and fiber length (FL) are examined in the context of higher taxonomic group, as well as locomotor/postural and substrate preferences. Results show that muscle masses, PCSA, and RPCSA scale with positive allometry while FL scales with isometry indicating that larger primates have relatively stronger, but neither faster nor more flexible, forearms across the sample. When accounting for variation in body size, we found no statistically significant difference in architecture among higher taxonomic groups or locomotor/postural groups. However, we found that arboreal primates have significantly greater FL than terrestrial ones, suggesting that these species are adapted for greater speed and/or flexibility in the trees. These data may affect our interpretation of the mechanisms for variation in humeral morphology and provide information for refining biomechanical models of joint stress and movement in extant and fossil primates. Anat Rec, 301:484-495, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
先前有人提出，肱骨远端形态可能反映了不同灵长类动物偏好的运动模式和活动基质。然而，这些行为与起源于这些骨骼结构的肌肉形态能力之间的关系尚未得到充分探索。在此，我们展示了44种灵长类动物样本（N = 55个标本）的前臂肌肉结构数据：9种原猴亚目动物、15种阔鼻猴类和20种类人猿亚目动物。该样本包括所有主要的运动和活动基质使用群体。我们分离出每块前臂肌肉，并将它们分为功能组：腕部和指部伸肌与屈肌、不跨越腕部的前臂肌肉及其功能组合。在更高分类群的背景下，以及运动/姿势和活动基质偏好方面，对肌肉质量、生理横截面积（PCSA）、简化生理横截面积（RPCSA）和纤维长度（FL）进行了研究。结果表明，肌肉质量、PCSA和RPCSA呈正异速生长，而FL呈等速生长，这表明在整个样本中，体型较大的灵长类动物前臂相对更强壮，但速度并不更快，灵活性也不更高。在考虑体型差异时，我们发现更高分类群或运动/姿势组之间在结构上没有统计学上的显著差异。然而，我们发现树栖灵长类动物的FL明显大于陆栖灵长类动物，这表明这些物种适应在树上具有更高的速度和/或灵活性。这些数据可能会影响我们对肱骨形态变异机制的解释，并为完善现存和化石灵长类动物关节应力和运动的生物力学模型提供信息。《解剖学记录》，301:484 - 495，2018年。© 2018威利期刊公司。
