From the Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (R.C.B.); and Gill Heart and Vascular Institute (T.S., S.S.S.) and Lexington VA Medical Center (T.S., S.S.S.), University of Kentucky School of Medicine.
Circ Res. 2018 Feb 2;122(3):506-522. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.310939.
Platelets play a vital role in normal hemostasis to stem blood loss at sites of vascular injury by tethering and adhering to sites of injury, recruiting other platelets and blood cells to the developing clot, releasing vasoactive small molecules and proteins, and assembling and activating plasma coagulation proteins in a tightly regulated temporal and spatial manner. In synchrony with specific end products of coagulation, primarily cross-linked fibrin, a stable thrombus quickly forms. Far beyond physiological hemostasis and pathological thrombosis, emerging evidence supports platelets playing a pivotal role in vascular homeostasis, inflammation, cellular repair, regeneration, and wide range of autocrine and paracrine functions. In essence, platelets play both structural and functional roles as reporters, messengers, and active transporters surveying the vasculature for cues of environmental or developmental stimuli and participating as first responders. In this review, we will provide a contemporary perspective of platelet physiology, including fundamental, translational, and clinical constructs that apply directly to human health and disease.
血小板在正常止血中起着至关重要的作用，可以通过连接和黏附在损伤部位来阻止血管损伤处的血液流失，招募其他血小板和血细胞到正在形成的血栓中，释放血管活性小分子和蛋白质，并以严格调控的时空方式组装和激活血浆凝血蛋白。与凝血的特定终产物（主要是交联纤维蛋白）同步，稳定的血栓迅速形成。除了生理止血和病理血栓形成之外，新出现的证据表明血小板在血管稳态、炎症、细胞修复、再生以及广泛的自分泌和旁分泌功能中起着关键作用。从本质上讲，血小板作为报告者、信使和活跃的转运体发挥结构和功能作用，监测血管中环境或发育刺激的线索，并作为第一响应者参与其中。在这篇综述中，我们将提供血小板生理学的现代观点，包括直接适用于人类健康和疾病的基础、转化和临床构建。
