DRDO-BU Center for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, 641046, India.
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
Chemosphere. 2018 May;198:111-121. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.141. Epub 2018 Feb 3.
In the present study, we evaluated the zearalenone induced adverse effects in zebrafish embryos using various endpoints like embryo toxicity, heart rate, oxidative stress indicators (reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (LPO), Nitric oxide (NO)), antioxidant responses (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase enzyme (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH), metabolic biomarkers (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Nitric oxide (NO)), neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase (AChE)), genotoxicity (comet assay and acridine orange staining (AO)) and histological analysis. In this study, four concentrations 350, 550, 750 and 950 μg/L of ZEA were chosen based on LC10 and LC50 values of the previous report. The results shows that ZEA induces developmental defects like pericardial edema, hyperemia, yolk sac edema, spine curvature and reduction in heart rate from above 550 μg/L exposure and the severity was increased with concentration and time dependent manner. Significant induction in oxidative stress indices (ROS, LPO and NO), reduction in antioxidant defence system (SOD, CAT, GPx, GST and GSH) and changes in metabolic biomarkers (LDH and AP) were observed at higher ZEA exposed concentration. Neurotoxic effects of ZEA were observed with significant inhibition of AChE activity at higher exposure groups (750 and 950 μg/L). Moreover, we also noticed DNA damage, apoptosis and histological changes in the higher ZEA treatments at 96 h post fertilization (hpf) embryos. Hence, in the present study we concluded that oxidative stress is the main culprit in ZEA induced developmental, genotoxicity and neurotoxicity in zebrafish embryos.
在本研究中,我们使用各种终点,如胚胎毒性、心率、氧化应激指标(活性氧 (ROS)、脂质过氧化 (LPO)、一氧化氮 (NO))、抗氧化反应(超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GPx)、谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶酶 (GST) 和还原型谷胱甘肽 (GSH))、代谢生物标志物(乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH) 和一氧化氮 (NO))、神经毒性(乙酰胆碱酯酶 (AChE))、遗传毒性(彗星试验和吖啶橙染色 (AO))和组织学分析,评估了玉米赤霉烯酮对斑马鱼胚胎的不良影响。在这项研究中,根据先前报道的 LC10 和 LC50 值,选择了四个浓度 350、550、750 和 950 μg/L 的 ZEA。结果表明,ZEA 会引起发育缺陷,如心包水肿、充血、卵黄囊水肿、脊柱弯曲和心率下降,从 550 μg/L 以上的暴露开始,严重程度随浓度和时间的增加而增加。在更高的 ZEA 暴露浓度下,观察到氧化应激指标(ROS、LPO 和 NO)显著增加,抗氧化防御系统(SOD、CAT、GPx、GST 和 GSH)减少,代谢生物标志物(LDH 和 AP)发生变化。在更高的暴露组(750 和 950 μg/L)中观察到 ZEA 的神经毒性作用,表现为 AChE 活性显著抑制。此外,我们还在受精后 96 小时(hpf)的胚胎中发现了更高 ZEA 处理组的 DNA 损伤、凋亡和组织学变化。因此,在本研究中,我们得出结论,氧化应激是 ZEA 诱导斑马鱼胚胎发育、遗传毒性和神经毒性的主要罪魁祸首。