Díaz-Morales Juan F, Parra-Robledo Zaida
a Faculty of Psychology , Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain.
J Genet Psychol. 2018 Mar-Apr;179(2):71-84. doi: 10.1080/00221325.2018.1424706. Epub 2018 Feb 9.
Work psychology has noted the importance of considering the temporal dimension of behavior in organizations. Given that society widely operates on a 24-hr schedule, it is important to know how circadian typologies are distributed in the general population. In this study, diurnal preference was analyzed among 4,175 Spanish participants (61.3% women), 12-59 years old, who completed the Composite Scale of Morningness (Smith, Reilly, & Midkiff, 1989). Several measurement models of the CSM were analyzed using exploratory structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis. The bifactor model showed the best fit, with a general factor (morningness/eveningness) and three subfactors (morningness, morning affect, and time of retiring). The age and sex factorial invariance of the bifactor model were tenable at the latent variance-covariance level. Next, age and sex differences analysis indicated a progressive increase in morningness with age, but over 40 years old, men were more morningness oriented than women were. These results indicate that morningness/eveningness can be considered a multidimensional construct and that psychosocial factors must be considered when estimating the prevalence of morningness/eveningness in different populations or countries.
工作心理学已经注意到在组织中考虑行为的时间维度的重要性。鉴于社会广泛实行24小时工作制，了解昼夜节律类型在普通人群中的分布情况很重要。在这项研究中，对4175名年龄在12至59岁之间的西班牙参与者（61.3%为女性）进行了昼夜偏好分析，这些参与者完成了晨型综合量表（史密斯、赖利和米德基夫，1989年）。使用探索性结构方程建模和验证性因素分析对晨型综合量表的几种测量模型进行了分析。双因素模型显示出最佳拟合，有一个一般因素（晨型/夜型）和三个子因素（晨型、早晨情绪和就寝时间）。双因素模型在潜在方差协方差水平上的年龄和性别因素不变性是成立的。接下来，年龄和性别差异分析表明，随着年龄的增长，晨型倾向逐渐增加，但40岁以上的男性比女性更倾向于晨型。这些结果表明，晨型/夜型可以被视为一个多维结构，并且在估计不同人群或国家中晨型/夜型的患病率时必须考虑社会心理因素。
