University of Copenhagen, Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Højbakkegård allé 13, DK-2630 Tåstrup, Denmark; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 380 Huaibeizhuang, Huairou district, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
University of Copenhagen, Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1821 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Jun 15;627:963-974. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.283. Epub 2018 Feb 3.
We investigated how two different biochars (wood biochar - WBC and straw biochar - SBC) affected P dynamics and bioavailability in five different soils differing in pH, C%, texture, Fe, Al, Ca, and Mg giving a range of soils with low (S1 and S2), intermediate (S4), and high (S3 and S5) P sorption capacities. Langmuir and Freundlich equations were fitted to the sorption data of soil and soil/biochar mixtures. P fertilizer applied to all treatments was fractioned into strongly sorbed P (qS), easily available sorbed P (qA) and solution P (c) by determining the anion exchange resin (AER)-extractable P in samples from the sorption experiment. A pot experiment was conducted to measure P uptake by maize grown in S1, S2 and S3 amended with WBC or SBC at two P fertilizer levels (0 or 70mgPkg). Only WBC could sorb P from solution partly due to a high content of calcite. SBC did not have any effect on P sorption isotherms, whereas WBC increased the P sorption in S1, S2, and S4, yet decreased P sorption in acidic soil S5. qS increased in S1, S2, and S4, and decreased in S5 in WBC treatments, whereas, qS decreased in SBC treatments in soils S2, S4, and S5. Accordingly, there was a significant interaction between soil type and biochar on maize growth and P uptake. Biochar had no effect in an alkaline soil (S3), whereas, WBC and SBC had positive effects on maize growth in slightly acidic soils S1 and S2, depending on the soil P status, however, the P uptake was lower in WBC compared to SBC treatments. Biochar and soil properties and the P status of the soil affect P bioavailability. The study provides useful information for optimizing the use of biochar in agricultural P management.
我们研究了两种不同的生物炭（木质生物炭 - WBC 和秸秆生物炭 - SBC）如何影响 pH 值、C%、质地、Fe、Al、Ca 和 Mg 等特性差异很大的五种土壤中的 P 动态和生物有效性，这些土壤的 P 吸附能力范围为低（S1 和 S2）、中（S4）和高（S3 和 S5）。Langmuir 和 Freundlich 方程被拟合到土壤和土壤/生物炭混合物的吸附数据中。向所有处理施加的磷肥通过测定吸附实验中样品中的阴离子交换树脂（AER）可提取磷来分为强吸附磷（qS）、易利用吸附磷（qA）和溶液磷（c）。进行了一项盆栽实验，以测量在添加 WBC 或 SBC 的 S1、S2 和 S3 中种植的玉米对 P 的吸收，WBC 或 SBC 添加了两个磷肥水平（0 或 70mgPkg）。只有 WBC 可以从溶液中吸附 P，部分原因是方解石含量高。SBC 对 P 吸附等温线没有影响，而 WBC 增加了 S1、S2 和 S4 中的 P 吸附，但降低了酸性土壤 S5 中的 P 吸附。在 WBC 处理中，qS 在 S1、S2 和 S4 中增加，在 S5 中减少，而在 SBC 处理中，qS 在 S2、S4 和 S5 中减少。因此，土壤类型和生物炭对玉米生长和 P 吸收有显著的相互作用。生物炭对碱性土壤（S3）没有影响，而 WBC 和 SBC 对 S1 和 S2 中略酸性土壤的玉米生长有积极影响，这取决于土壤 P 状况，但与 SBC 处理相比，WBC 处理中的 P 吸收较低。生物炭和土壤特性以及土壤的 P 状况影响 P 的生物有效性。该研究为优化生物炭在农业 P 管理中的应用提供了有用的信息。
