Research Institute on Mines and Environment (RIME), University of Québec in Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), 445 Boul. de l'Université, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, J9X 5E4, Canada; Technology Center for Industrial Waste (Centre Technologique des Résidus Industriels - CTRI), 425 Boul. du Collège, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, J9X 5E5, Canada.
Research Institute on Mines and Environment (RIME), University of Québec in Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), 445 Boul. de l'Université, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, J9X 5E4, Canada.
J Environ Manage. 2018 Apr 15;212:142-159. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.02.002. Epub 2018 Feb 8.
Circumneutral surface water and groundwater can contain hazardous concentrations of metals and metalloids that can threaten organisms in surrounding ecosystems. Extensive research has been conducted over the past two decades to prevent, limit, and treat water pollution. Among the currently available treatment options is the use of natural and residual materials, which is generally regarded as effective and inexpensive. The modification of such materials enhances the removal capacity of metals and metalloids, as well as the physical and chemical stability of the materials and resulting sludge (after treatment). This paper reviews several modified materials that have produced and evaluated in the past twenty years to treat various contaminants in water under specific conditions. Important factors on performance improvement following the modifications are emphasized. Sorption capacity and kinetics, and element removal mechanisms are also discussed. Element recovery, material regeneration, water reuse, evaluation of treatment efficiency for real effluents are also considered, as well as the applicability of these materials in both active and passive treatment systems. Modified natural and residual materials are a promising option for the treatment of metals and metalloids in circumneutral contaminated waters. However, further research is necessary to evaluate their field-scale performance and to properly assess treatment costs.
中性表面水和地下水可能含有危险浓度的金属和类金属，这可能会威胁到周围生态系统中的生物。在过去的二十年中，已经进行了广泛的研究来防止、限制和处理水污染。目前可用的处理方法之一是使用天然和残余材料，通常被认为是有效且廉价的。这些材料的改性提高了金属和类金属的去除能力，以及材料和处理后的污泥的物理和化学稳定性。本文综述了过去二十年中在特定条件下用于处理水中各种污染物的几种改性材料。强调了改性后性能提高的重要因素。还讨论了吸附容量和动力学以及元素去除机制。元素回收、材料再生、水再利用、实际废水处理效率的评估以及这些材料在主动和被动处理系统中的适用性也得到了考虑。改性天然和残余材料是处理中性污染水中金属和类金属的一种很有前途的选择。然而，仍需要进一步研究来评估其现场规模的性能，并适当评估处理成本。
