Rajmohan K S, Chandrasekaran Ramya, Varjani Sunita
1National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana 506 004 India.
2Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Indian J Microbiol. 2020 Jun;60(2):125-138. doi: 10.1007/s12088-019-00841-x. Epub 2020 Feb 14.
Pesticides are the chemicals used to prevent plant diseases, weeds, pests and to enhance the quality of the food products. The uniqueness of their chemical structure, and/or their interactions with the environment characterize the nature of pesticides. In most scenarios, the end users such as farmers and consumers, who know the serious effects of pesticides cannot translate this awareness into their practice. The mobility, bioavailability of pesticides in soils (atmosphere, water bodies) is based upon their absorption and desorption mechanisms from soil particles. Pesticides have harmful effects in the soil ecosystem, and mankind (which affects biological molecules, tissues, and organs resulting in acute or chronic disorders). It affects humans of all ages including prenatal. These pollutants, when released into the water bodies affects the aquatic systems. The water molecules in the river are affected by the accumulation of these toxic contaminants with its alkaline pH and heavy metals which could adversely affect the health of flora and fauna. This article discusses the scientific literature on various remediation technologies available for the safer use of pesticides. The limitations and benefits of chemically polluted soil using microorganisms and other biological methods have been discussed. However, future development measures are still needed to ensure full implementation of these methods to save the environment.
农药是用于预防植物病害、杂草、害虫以及提高食品质量的化学物质。其化学结构的独特性和/或与环境的相互作用决定了农药的性质。在大多数情况下，像农民和消费者这样知道农药严重危害的最终用户，却无法将这种认识转化为实际行动。农药在土壤（大气、水体）中的迁移性和生物可利用性取决于它们从土壤颗粒中的吸附和解吸机制。农药对土壤生态系统以及人类有有害影响（会影响生物分子、组织和器官，导致急性或慢性疾病）。它影响所有年龄段的人，包括产前人群。这些污染物排放到水体中会影响水生系统。河流中的水分子会受到这些有毒污染物积累的影响，其碱性pH值和重金属会对动植物健康产生不利影响。本文讨论了有关各种可用于更安全使用农药的修复技术的科学文献。还讨论了使用微生物和其他生物方法处理化学污染土壤的局限性和益处。然而，仍需要未来的发展措施来确保全面实施这些方法以保护环境。
