Chemical Injuries Research Center System Biology and Poisoning Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2018 Mar;58:230-236. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.01.012. Epub 2018 Feb 2.
Sulfur mustard (SM) is an alkylating agent that causes severe damages to the skin, eyes, and the respiratory system. DNA alkylation is one of the most critical lesions that could lead to monoadducts and cross-links, as well as DNA strand breaks. In response to these adducts, cells initiate a series of reactions to recruit specific DNA repair pathways. The main DNA repair pathways in human cells, which could be involved in the DNA SM-induced DNA damages, are base excision repair (BER), nucleotide excision repair (NER), homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). There is, thus, a need for a short review to clarify which damage caused by SM is repaired by which repair pathway. Increasing our knowledge about different DNA repair mechanisms following SM exposure would lay the first step for developing new therapeutic agents to treat people exposed to SM. In this review, we describe the major DNA repair pathways, according to the DNA adducts that can be caused by SM.
硫芥（SM）是一种烷化剂，可对皮肤、眼睛和呼吸系统造成严重损害。DNA 烷化是导致单加合物和交联以及 DNA 链断裂的最关键损伤之一。为了应对这些加合物，细胞会启动一系列反应，招募特定的 DNA 修复途径。人类细胞中的主要 DNA 修复途径，可能涉及到 SM 诱导的 DNA 损伤的修复，包括碱基切除修复（BER）、核苷酸切除修复（NER）、同源重组（HR）和非同源末端连接（NHEJ）。因此，有必要进行简短的综述，以阐明 SM 引起的哪种损伤是由哪种修复途径修复的。增加我们对 SM 暴露后不同 DNA 修复机制的了解，将为开发治疗 SM 暴露人群的新治疗药物奠定第一步。在这篇综述中，我们根据 SM 可能引起的 DNA 加合物描述了主要的 DNA 修复途径。
