State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Jul 1;628-629:121-130. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.048. Epub 2018 Feb 9.
The effects of biochar combined with the urease inhibitor, hydroquinone, and nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide, on gaseous nitrogen (NO, NO and NH) emissions and wheat yield were examined in a wheat crop cultivated in a rice-wheat rotation system in the Taihu Lake region of China. Eight treatments comprised N fertilizer at a conventional application rate of 150kgNha (CN); N fertilizer at an optimal application rate of 125kgNha (ON); ON+wheat-derived biochar at rates of 7.5 (ONB1) and 15tha (ONB2); ON+nitrification and urease inhibitors (ONI); ONI+wheat-derived biochar at rates of 7.5 (ONIB1) and 15tha (ONIB2); and, a control. The reduced N fertilizer application rate in the ON treatment decreased NO, NO, and NH emissions by 45.7%, 17.1%, and 12.3%, respectively, compared with the CN treatment. Biochar application increased soil organic carbon, total N, and pH, and also increased NH and NO emissions by 32.4-68.2% and 9.4-35.2%, respectively, compared with the ON treatment. In contrast, addition of urease and nitrification inhibitors decreased NO, NO, and NH emissions by 11.3%, 37.9%, and 38.5%, respectively. The combined application of biochar and inhibitors more effectively reduced NO and NO emissions by 49.1-49.7% and 51.7-55.2%, respectively, compared with ON and decreased NH emission by 33.4-35.2% compared with the ONB1 and ONB2 treatments. Compared with the ON treatment, biochar amendment, either alone or in combination with inhibitors, increased wheat yield and N use efficiency (NUE), while addition of inhibitors alone increased NUE but not wheat yield. We suggest that an optimal N fertilizer rate and combined application of inhibitors+biochar at a low application rate, instead of biochar application alone, could increase soil fertility and wheat yields, and mitigate gaseous N emissions.
在太湖地区的稻麦轮作系统中，研究了生物炭与脲酶抑制剂对苯二酚和硝化抑制剂双氰胺结合对气态氮（NO、NO 和 NH）排放和小麦产量的影响。该试验共设置 8 个处理，包括常规施氮量 150kgNha（CN）的氮肥；最佳施氮量 125kgNha（ON）的氮肥；施用量分别为 7.5t/ha（ONB1）和 15t/ha（ONB2）的生物炭；施用量分别为 7.5t/ha（ONIB1）和 15t/ha（ONIB2）的硝化抑制剂和脲酶抑制剂；以及对照。与 CN 处理相比，ON 处理减少的施氮量分别使 NO、NO 和 NH 的排放量减少了 45.7%、17.1%和 12.3%。与 ON 处理相比，生物炭的应用增加了土壤有机碳、总氮和 pH 值，同时使 NH 和 NO 的排放量分别增加了 32.4-68.2%和 9.4-35.2%。相反，添加脲酶和硝化抑制剂分别使 NO、NO 和 NH 的排放量减少了 11.3%、37.9%和 38.5%。与 ON 相比，生物炭和抑制剂的联合应用更有效地使 NO 和 NO 的排放量分别减少了 49.1-49.7%和 51.7-55.2%，与 ONB1 和 ONB2 处理相比，使 NH 的排放量减少了 33.4-35.2%。与 ON 处理相比，生物炭的单独或与抑制剂联合施用增加了小麦产量和氮利用效率（NUE），而抑制剂的单独添加增加了 NUE 但没有增加小麦产量。我们建议，采用最佳氮肥用量和抑制剂+生物炭的联合低用量施用，而不是单独施用生物炭，可以提高土壤肥力和小麦产量，并减少气态氮的排放。
