Huang Jia-Jia, He Li-Li, Liu Yu-Xue, Lyu Hao-Hao, Wang Yu-Ying, Chen Zhao-Ming, Chen Jin-Yuan, Yang Sheng-Mao
College of Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Institute of Environment, Resources, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; Zhejiang Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center, Hangzhou 310021, China.
Institute of Environment, Resources, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; Zhejiang Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center, Hangzhou 310021, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2022 Apr;33(4):1027-1036. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202204.017.
We examined the effects of biochar and urease inhibitors/nitrification inhibitors on nitrification process, ammonia and NO emission in subtropical soil, and determined the best combination of biochar with nitrification and urease inhibitors. This work could provide a theoretical basis for the mitigation of the negative environmental risk caused by reactive nitrogen gas in the application of nitrogen fertilizer. A indoor aerobic culture test was conducted with seven treatments [urea+biochar (NB), urea+nitrification inhibitor (N+NI), urea+urease inhibitor (N+UI), urea+nitrification inhibitor+urease inhibitor (N+NIUI), urea+nitrification inhibitor+biochar (NB+NI), urea+urease inhibitor+biochar (NB+UI), urea+nitrification inhibitor+urease inhibitor+biochar (NB+NIUI)] and urea (N) as the control. The dynamics of soil inorganic nitrogen content, NO emission and the volatility of ammonia volatilization were observed under combined application of biochar with urease inhibitor (NBPT)/nitrification inhibitor (DMPP). The results showed that:1)Compared to the control (5.11 mg N·kg·d) during the incubation period, NB treatment significantly increased therate constant of nitrification by 33.9%, and N+NI treatment significantly reduced the nitrification rate constant by 22.9%. NB treatment significantly increased the abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) by 56.0%. 2) Compared with N treatment, N+NI and NB+NI treatments signi-ficantly enhanced the cumulative emission of NH by 49%. The N+UI treatment reduced the cumulative loss of NH. The inhibition effect of NB+UI treatment was more significant. 3) The emission rate of NO was highest in the first 10 days after fertilization. The NO emission under NB treatment was the earliest, and that of N treatment was the highest (5.87 μg·kg·h). The combined application of DMPP and NBPT performed the best in reducing soil NO emission. We estimated global warming potential (GWP) of the direct NO and indirect NO (NH) emissions. Compared with N treatments, N+NI and NB+NI treatments increased the GWP by 34.8% and 40.9%, respectively. While the NB and NB+UI treatments significantly reduced the GWP by 45.9% and 60.5%, the combination of biochar and urease inhibitor had the best effect on reduction of GWP of soil active nitrogen emissions.
我们研究了生物炭与脲酶抑制剂/硝化抑制剂对亚热带土壤硝化过程、氨和一氧化氮排放的影响，并确定了生物炭与硝化抑制剂和脲酶抑制剂的最佳组合。这项工作可为减轻氮肥施用过程中活性氮气造成的负面环境风险提供理论依据。进行了一项室内好氧培养试验，设置了七个处理组[尿素+生物炭（NB）、尿素+硝化抑制剂（N+NI）、尿素+脲酶抑制剂（N+UI）、尿素+硝化抑制剂+脲酶抑制剂（N+NIUI）、尿素+硝化抑制剂+生物炭（NB+NI）、尿素+脲酶抑制剂+生物炭（NB+UI）、尿素+硝化抑制剂+脲酶抑制剂+生物炭（NB+NIUI）]，以尿素（N）作为对照。观察了生物炭与脲酶抑制剂（NBPT）/硝化抑制剂（DMPP）联合施用下土壤无机氮含量、一氧化氮排放和氨挥发的动态变化。结果表明：1）与培养期内的对照（5.11毫克氮·千克·天）相比，NB处理显著提高了硝化反应速率常数33.9%，而N+NI处理显著降低了硝化反应速率常数22.9%。NB处理显著提高了氨氧化细菌（AOB）丰度56.0%。2）与N处理相比，N+NI和NB+NI处理显著提高了氨的累积排放量49%。N+UI处理减少了氨的累积损失。NB+UI处理的抑制效果更显著。3）施肥后前10天一氧化氮排放速率最高。NB处理下一氧化氮排放最早，N处理下一氧化氮排放最高（5.87微克·千克·小时）。DMPP和NBPT联合施用在减少土壤一氧化氮排放方面效果最佳。我们估算了直接一氧化氮和间接一氧化氮（氨）排放的全球升温潜能值（GWP）。与N处理相比，N+NI和NB+NI处理分别使GWP增加了34.8%和40.9%。而NB和NB+UI处理显著降低了GWP，分别降低了45.9%和60.5%，生物炭与脲酶抑制剂的组合对降低土壤活性氮排放的GWP效果最佳。
