Rivadeneira C Daniel, Venegas Pablo J, Ron Santiago R
Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre y Roca, Aptdo. 17-01-2184, Quito, Ecuador.
Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Casilla 17-01-2759, Telefax: 2236690, Quito, Ecuador.
Zookeys. 2018 Jan 8(726):25-77. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.726.13864. eCollection 2018.
The genus is one of the most speciose among Neotropical anurans and its number of described species is increasing. Herein, molecular, morphological, and bioacoustic evidence are combined to assess species limits within , a widely distributed species in the Amazon Basin. Phylogenetic relationships were assessed using 3040 bp sequences of mitochondrial DNA, genes 12S, ND1, and CO1. The phylogeny shows three well-supported clades. Bioacoustic and morphological divergence is congruent with those clades demonstrating that is a species complex. occurs in the Amazon basin of Ecuador, northern Peru, southern Colombia and northwestern Brazil. It is sister to two previously undescribed species, from central Peru and from southern Peru, northeastern Bolivia, and northwestern Brazil. Genetic distances (uncorrected , gene 12S) between and the new species is 3 to 4%. can be distinguished from by having a prominent conical tubercle on the distal edge of the upper eyelid (tubercle absent in ). differs from by having scattered low tubercles on the upper eyelids (smooth in ). and both new species differ from all their congeners by their small size (adult maximum SVL = 28.39 mm in females, 22.73 mm in males) and by having a bright orange blotch on the hidden areas of the shanks and under arms. The advertisement call of the two new species has lower dominant frequency relative to . Probable speciation modes are discussed. Available evidence indicates that ecological speciation along an elevation gradient is unlikely in this species complex.
该属是新热带区无尾目中物种最为丰富的属之一，其已描述的物种数量正在增加。在此，我们结合分子、形态和生物声学证据，来评估亚马逊流域广泛分布的[属名]内的物种界限。利用线粒体DNA的3040 bp序列、12S、ND1和CO1基因评估系统发育关系。系统发育显示出三个得到充分支持的分支。生物声学和形态差异与这些分支一致，表明[属名]是一个物种复合体。[物种名]分布于厄瓜多尔的亚马逊流域、秘鲁北部、哥伦比亚南部和巴西西北部。它是秘鲁中部的两个先前未描述的物种以及秘鲁南部、玻利维亚东北部和巴西西北部的[物种名]的姐妹种。[物种名]与新物种之间的遗传距离（未校正的，12S基因）为3%至4%。[物种名]可通过上眼睑远端边缘有一个突出的圆锥形瘤（[另一物种名]没有瘤）与[另一物种名]区分开来。[物种名]与[又一物种名]的区别在于上眼睑有散在的低瘤（[又一物种名]的上眼睑光滑）。[物种名]和这两个新物种与所有同属物种的区别在于它们体型小（成年雌性最大SVL = 28.39毫米，成年雄性最大SVL = 22.73毫米），并且在小腿和腋下的隐蔽部位有一个亮橙色斑点。这两个新物种的求偶叫声相对于[物种名]具有较低的主频。文中讨论了可能的物种形成模式。现有证据表明，在这个物种复合体中，沿海拔梯度的生态物种形成不太可能。
