Species limits within the widespread Amazonian treefrog with descriptions of two new species (Anura, Hylidae).

The genus is one of the most speciose among Neotropical anurans and its number of described species is increasing. Herein, molecular, morphological, and bioacoustic evidence are combined to assess species limits within , a widely distributed species in the Amazon Basin. Phylogenetic relationships were assessed using 3040 bp sequences of mitochondrial DNA, genes 12S, ND1, and CO1. The phylogeny shows three well-supported clades. Bioacoustic and morphological divergence is congruent with those clades demonstrating that is a species complex. occurs in the Amazon basin of Ecuador, northern Peru, southern Colombia and northwestern Brazil. It is sister to two previously undescribed species, from central Peru and from southern Peru, northeastern Bolivia, and northwestern Brazil. Genetic distances (uncorrected , gene 12S) between and the new species is 3 to 4%. can be distinguished from by having a prominent conical tubercle on the distal edge of the upper eyelid (tubercle absent in ). differs from by having scattered low tubercles on the upper eyelids (smooth in ). and both new species differ from all their congeners by their small size (adult maximum SVL = 28.39 mm in females, 22.73 mm in males) and by having a bright orange blotch on the hidden areas of the shanks and under arms. The advertisement call of the two new species has lower dominant frequency relative to . Probable speciation modes are discussed. Available evidence indicates that ecological speciation along an elevation gradient is unlikely in this species complex.