Bogomolova E S, Kuzmichev Yu G, Olushina E A, Polyashova A S, Kotova N V, Badeeva T V, Ashina M V, Maksimenko E O, Kiseleva A S, Pisareva A N, Kovalchuk S N, Shaposhnikova M V
Gig Sanit. 2016;95(9):847-53.
There was revealed the structure of deteriorations in the nutritional status of schoolchildren in the city: the most of students has normal nutritional status, but there was noted the high prevalence of excessive body weight and obesity among children and teenagers. Risk factors for development of deteriorations of the nutrition state were detected as follows: irrational food regimen, qualitative compartment offood, factors of educational environment, lifestyle. The main role in system of control of the nutritional status in children is referred to the correction of socio-hygienic factors which prove to be the priority ones in the shaping of the nutritional status in students. As the main condition determining the nutrition state of the up-to-date schoolchildren and the quality of their life in the whole the social cultural level of children and adolescents must be regarded as a result of the hygienic education and training in fundamentals of healthy lifestyle. Priority protective factors of the gain in the part of schoolchildren with normal nutritional status (optimalfood regimen, optimal dietary habits, sufficient level of physical activity) laidfrom the child age in conditions of the family, sufficient level of the physical activity and the implementation of the other element of hygienically expedient day regimen served as the base for the elaboration of the system of the control of nutritional status. Algorithm of the control of the nutritional status in the students of educational institutions includes the creation of healthcare educational environment, optimization of nutrition and physical activity, the shaping of the culture of healthy lifestyle, health-improving measures for children with disorders of nutritional status and their psychological pedagogical supports at the stage of the correction of the nutritional status, improvement of the medical service for the early detection of deviations of nutritional status with the estimation of the efficiency of the system ofpreventive and health-improving measures.
大多数学生营养状况正常，但注意到儿童和青少年中超重和肥胖的高患病率。营养状况恶化发展的风险因素如下：不合理的饮食、食物的质量分类、教育环境因素、生活方式。儿童营养状况控制体系中的主要作用是纠正社会卫生因素，这些因素被证明是学生营养状况形成中的优先因素。作为决定当代学童营养状况及其整体生活质量的主要条件，儿童和青少年的社会文化水平必须被视为卫生教育和健康生活方式基础知识培训的结果。正常营养状况的学童（最佳饮食、最佳饮食习惯、足够的体育活动水平）在儿童时期于家庭环境中获得的优先保护因素，以及足够的体育活动水平和卫生适宜日常作息的其他要素的实施，构成了营养状况控制体系制定的基础。教育机构学生营养状况控制算法包括创建保健教育环境、优化营养和体育活动、塑造健康生活方式文化、对营养状况紊乱儿童的健康改善措施及其在营养状况纠正阶段的心理教育支持、改善医疗服务以早期发现营养状况偏差并评估预防和健康改善措施体系的效率。
