Cutulle Matthew A, Armel Gregory R, Kopsell Dean A, Wilson Henry P, Brosnan James T, Vargas Jose J, Hines Thomas E, Koepke-Hill Rebecca M
Coastal Research and Education Center , Clemson University , Charleston , South Carolina 29414 , United States.
Plant Sciences Department , The University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States.
J Agric Food Chem. 2018 Mar 28;66(12):3086-3092. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05885. Epub 2018 Feb 22.
Herbicides are pesticides used to eradicate unwanted plants in both crop and non-crop environments. These chemistries are toxic to weeds due to inhibition of key enzymes or disruption of essential biochemical processes required for weedy plants to survive. Crops can survive systemic herbicidal applications through various forms of detoxification, including metabolism that can be enhanced by safeners. Field studies were conducted near Louisville, Tennessee and Painter, Virginia to determine how the herbicides mesotrione, topramezone, nicosulfuron, and atrazine applied with or without the safener isoxadifen-ethyl would impact the nutritional quality of "Incredible" sweet corn ( Zea mays L. var. rugosa). Several herbicide treatments increased the uptake of the mineral elements phosphorus, magnesium, and manganese by 8-75%. All herbicide treatments increased protein content by 4-12%. Applied alone, nicosulfuron produced similar levels of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids when compared to the nontreated check, but when applied with isoxadifen-ethyl, fatty acids increased 8 to 44% relative to the check or control. Nicosulfuron plus isoxadifen-ethyl or topramezone or the combination of all three actives increased the concentrations of fructose and glucose (40-68%), whereas reducing levels of maltose or sucrose when compared to the nontreated check (-15 to -21%). Disruptions in biochemical pathways in plants due to the application of herbicides, safeners, or other pesticides have the potential to alter the nutrient quality, taste, and overall plant health associated with edible crops.
除草剂是用于在作物和非作物环境中根除有害植物的农药。这些化学药剂对杂草有毒，因为它们会抑制关键酶或破坏杂草植物生存所需的基本生化过程。作物可以通过各种解毒形式在系统性除草剂应用中存活下来，包括可通过安全剂增强的代谢作用。在田纳西州路易斯维尔市附近和弗吉尼亚州佩因特市进行了田间研究，以确定使用或不使用安全剂异恶草酮 - 乙基施用的除草剂甲基磺草酮、环磺酮、烟嘧磺隆和莠去津如何影响 “Incredible” 甜玉米（Zea mays L. var. rugosa）的营养品质。几种除草剂处理使矿物质元素磷、镁和锰的吸收量增加了8 - 75%。所有除草剂处理使蛋白质含量增加了4 - 12%。单独施用时，与未处理的对照相比，烟嘧磺隆产生的饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸水平相似，但与异恶草酮 - 乙基一起施用时，脂肪酸相对于对照或空白增加了8%至44%。烟嘧磺隆加异恶草酮 - 乙基或环磺酮或三种活性成分的组合增加了果糖和葡萄糖的浓度（40 - 68%），而与未处理的对照相比，麦芽糖或蔗糖水平降低（-15至-21%）。由于施用除草剂、安全剂或其他农药导致植物生化途径的破坏有可能改变与可食用作物相关的营养品质、味道和整体植物健康状况。
