Nano-Bio Science Research Group, DTU-Food, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Nat Rev Urol. 2018 Mar;15(3):155-174. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2018.5. Epub 2018 Feb 13.
The urinary bladder is a complex organ with the primary functions of storing urine under low and stable pressure and micturition. Many clinical conditions can cause poor bladder compliance, reduced capacity, and incontinence, requiring bladder augmentation or use of regenerative techniques and scaffolds. To replicate an organ that is under frequent mechanical loading and unloading, special attention towards fulfilling its biomechanical requirements is necessary. Several biological and synthetic scaffolds are available, with various characteristics that qualify them for use in bladder regeneration in vitro and in vivo, including in the treatment of clinical conditions. The biomechanical properties of the native bladder can be investigated using a range of mechanical tests for standardized assessments, as well as mathematical and computational bladder biomechanics. Despite a large body of research into tissue engineering of the bladder wall, some features of the native bladder and the scaffolds used to mimic it need further elucidation. Collection of comparable reference data from different animal models would be a helpful tool for researchers and will enable comparison of different scaffolds in order to optimize characteristics before entering preclinical and clinical trials.
膀胱是一个复杂的器官，具有在低压和稳定压力下储存尿液和排尿的主要功能。许多临床情况会导致膀胱顺应性差、容量减少和失禁，需要进行膀胱扩大或使用再生技术和支架。为了复制一个经常受到机械加载和卸载的器官，需要特别注意满足其生物力学要求。有几种生物和合成支架可用，它们具有不同的特性，使其有资格在体外和体内用于膀胱再生，包括治疗临床情况。可以使用一系列机械测试来研究天然膀胱的生物力学特性，进行标准化评估，以及进行数学和计算膀胱生物力学研究。尽管对膀胱壁的组织工程进行了大量研究，但仍需要进一步阐明天然膀胱和用于模拟其功能的支架的一些特征。从不同动物模型中收集可比的参考数据将是研究人员的有用工具，并能够比较不同的支架，以便在进入临床前和临床试验之前优化其特性。
