Scopece Giovanni, Campese Lucia, Duffy Karl J, Cozzolino Salvatore
Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation Section, Leuven, Belgium.
AoB Plants. 2018 Jan 17;10(1):ply002. doi: 10.1093/aobpla/ply002. eCollection 2018 Feb.
Plants involved in specialized pollinator interactions, such as nursery pollination, may experience trade-offs in their female fitness, as the larvae of their pollinators may also consume seeds produced by the flowers they pollinate. These interactions could potentially shift between mutualism and parasitism, depending on the presence and abundance of both the nursery pollinator and of other pollinators. We investigated the fitness trade-off in a Mediterranean plant (), which has a specialist nocturnal nursery pollinator moth () and is also visited by several diurnal pollinators. We estimated the pollination rates and fecundity of in both natural and experimental populations in the Mediterranean. We estimated natural pollination rates in different flowering times and with presence/absence of the moth. Then by exposing plants to each pollinator group either during the day or at night, we quantified the contribution of other diurnal pollinators and the specialized nocturnal nursery pollinator to plant female fitness. We found no difference in plant fruit set mediated by diurnal versus nocturnal pollinators, indicating that non-specialist pollinators contribute to plant female fitness. However, in both natural and experimental populations, was the most efficient pollinator in terms of seeds produced per fruit. These results suggest that the female fitness costs generated by nursery pollination can be overcome through higher fertilization rates relative to predation rates, even in the presence of co-pollinators. Quantifying such interactions is important for our understanding of the selective pressures that promote highly specialized mutualisms, such as nursery pollination, in the Mediterranean region, a centre of diversification of the carnation family.
参与特殊传粉者相互作用（如巢式传粉）的植物，其雌性适合度可能会面临权衡，因为传粉者的幼虫可能会消耗它们所授粉花朵产生的种子。这些相互作用可能会在互利共生和寄生之间转变，这取决于巢式传粉者和其他传粉者的存在与否及数量。我们研究了一种地中海植物（）的适合度权衡，该植物有一种专门在夜间进行巢式传粉的蛾类传粉者（），同时也有几种日间传粉者来访。我们估计了该植物在地中海自然种群和实验种群中的授粉率和繁殖力。我们估计了在不同开花时间以及有无蛾类传粉者情况下的自然授粉率。然后，通过在白天或夜间将植物暴露于每个传粉者群体中，我们量化了其他日间传粉者和专门的夜间巢式传粉者对植物雌性适合度的贡献。我们发现，日间传粉者和夜间传粉者介导的植物坐果率没有差异，这表明非专门传粉者对植物雌性适合度有贡献。然而，在自然种群和实验种群中，就每个果实产生的种子数量而言，是最有效的传粉者。这些结果表明，即使存在共同传粉者，相对于捕食率而言，通过更高的受精率，巢式传粉产生的雌性适合度成本也可以被克服。量化此类相互作用对于我们理解促进高度专业化互利共生（如巢式传粉）的选择压力非常重要，地中海地区是石竹科植物多样化的中心。
