Hales Andrew H, Dvir Maayan, Wesselmann Eric D, Kruger Daniel J, Finkenauer Catrin
a University of Virginia.
b Purdue University , West Lafayette , USA.
J Soc Psychol. 2018;158(4):460-473. doi: 10.1080/00224545.2018.1439877. Epub 2018 Mar 6.
Cell phones are useful tools with both practical and social benefits. However, using them in the context of face-to-face conversations may be problematic. We consider this behavior a form of ostracism and test its effects on the satisfaction of basic psychological needs for belonging, self-esteem, control, and meaningful existence. In Study 1 participants who recalled a time in which a friend was checking a cell phone during a serious conversation reported feeling more ostracized (ignored and excluded), greater pain, and threat to basic needs than participants recalling a conversation without a cell phone interruption or a control event. Study 2 replicated and extended this effect: Cell phone-induced ostracism's effects were partially mediated by decreased feelings of relational evaluation, and threatened basic needs both in serious and casual conversation contexts. Findings from both studies also indicated that cell phone-induced ostracism hurts women more so than men.
手机是兼具实用和社交益处的工具。然而，在面对面交谈的情境中使用手机可能会产生问题。我们将这种行为视为一种排斥形式，并测试其对归属感、自尊、掌控感和有意义的存在等基本心理需求满足感的影响。在研究1中，回忆起在严肃交谈中朋友查看手机的参与者，比起回忆起没有手机干扰或对照事件的交谈的参与者，报告称感觉更受排斥（被忽视和被排除）、更痛苦，且基本需求受到更大威胁。研究2重复并扩展了这一效应：手机引发的排斥效应部分是由关系评价感降低所介导的，并且在严肃和随意的交谈情境中都会威胁到基本需求。两项研究的结果还表明，手机引发的排斥对女性的伤害比对男性更大。
