Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Paris F-75014, France.
Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75993, France.
Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Feb 13;19(2):564. doi: 10.3390/ijms19020564.
The historical role of mitochondria resides in converting the energy released during the oxidation of macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids and proteins) into adenosine tri-phosphate, a major form of chemically stored energy which sustains cell growth and homeostasis. Beyond this role in bioenergetics regulation, mitochondria play a role in several other cellular processes including lipid metabolism, cellular calcium homeostasis, autophagy and immune responses. Furthermore, mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles: as all other cellular endomembranes, they are continuously moving along cytoskeleton, and, most importantly, they constantly interact one with each other by membrane tethering, fusion and fission. This review aims to highlight the tight correlation between the morphodynamics of mitochondria and their biological function(s), in physiological as well as stress conditions, in particular nutrient deprivation, pathogen attack and some human diseases. Finally, we emphasize some crosstalk between the fusion/fission machinery and the autophagy pathway to ending on some speculative hypothesis to inspire future research in the field.
线粒体的历史作用在于将大分子（碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质）氧化过程中释放的能量转化为三磷酸腺苷，这是一种主要的化学储能形式，可维持细胞生长和内稳态。除了在生物能量调节中的作用外，线粒体还在其他几个细胞过程中发挥作用，包括脂质代谢、细胞钙稳态、自噬和免疫反应。此外，线粒体是高度动态的细胞器：与所有其他细胞内膜一样，它们沿着细胞骨架不断移动，最重要的是，它们通过膜连接、融合和裂变不断相互作用。本综述旨在强调线粒体形态动力学与其在生理和应激条件下（特别是营养缺乏、病原体攻击和一些人类疾病）的生物学功能之间的紧密相关性。最后，我们强调融合/裂变机制与自噬途径之间的一些串扰，以结束一些推测性假说，为该领域的未来研究提供灵感。
