Pickhardt Mara, Adametz Luise, Richter Felicitas, Strauß Bernhard, Berger Uwe
Institut für Psychosoziale Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Jena.
Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol. 2019 Jan;69(1):10-19. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-124766. Epub 2018 Feb 13.
In the past years a considerable amount of primary and secondary prevention programs for eating disorders was developed in German speaking countries. However, up to now there has been no systematic review of contents and evaluation studies. The main objective of the present systematic review is to identify and outline German prevention programs for eating disorders. This should facilitate the selection of appropriate and effective interventions for medical experts, other professionals and teachers. A systematic literature research was conducted and 22 German-language primary and secondary prevention programs were identified. Half of them were evaluated. The programs were conducted either in school, on the internet or in a group setting. The findings show that throughout almost all programs a reduction in weight and shape concerns and drive for thinness as well as an increase of (body) self-esteem could be observed in either the total sample or the high-risk sample. However, programs were inconsistently effective in reducing disordered eating behavior in the target population. All studies were effective in reducing at least one risk factor. Overall, higher effect sizes were found for secondary prevention programs than for primary prevention programs. Lastly, limitations of the studies and suggestions for future prevention efforts are discussed.
在过去几年里，德语国家开展了大量针对饮食失调的一级和二级预防项目。然而，到目前为止，尚未对这些项目的内容和评估研究进行系统综述。本系统综述的主要目的是识别并概述德语国家针对饮食失调的预防项目。这将有助于医学专家、其他专业人员和教师选择合适且有效的干预措施。我们进行了系统的文献研究，共识别出22个德语的一级和二级预防项目。其中一半进行了评估。这些项目在学校、互联网或团体环境中开展。研究结果表明，几乎在所有项目中，无论是总样本还是高危样本，都能观察到对体重和体型的关注以及追求瘦身的行为减少，同时（身体）自尊有所提高。然而，这些项目在减少目标人群的饮食失调行为方面效果并不一致。所有研究在减少至少一个风险因素方面都是有效的。总体而言，二级预防项目的效应量高于一级预防项目。最后，讨论了研究的局限性以及对未来预防工作的建议。
