Verma Pragya, Srivastava Ratan K, Jain Dharmendra
Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Department of Cardiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Int J Prev Med. 2018 Jan 29;9:6. doi: 10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_236_17. eCollection 2018.
Approximately 20%-25% of the world adult population and nearly 30% of Indians have metabolic syndrome disorder. Our objective was designed to find out the association between important nutrients and potential lifestyle risk factors such as diet, physical inactivity, and smoking and alcohol consumption with the number of metabolic syndrome components.
This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 205 patients of metabolic syndrome were enrolled for this study. Diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was done on the basis of National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria (NCEP ATP III 2004). Dietary data were collected with the validated food frequency questionnaire and 24 h dietary recall method, and the nutrient intake was calculated with the specially designed software.
Unhealthy dietary habits were seen more among the participants who had more than 3 risk factors. Results showed the odds of taking >5 times junk foods was 3 times higher (odds ratio [OR]: 2.97; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.61-5.47), and sweet dishes was 2.3 times higher (OR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.28-4.24) among the participants who had 4-5 risk factors. However, milk and dairy products > 4 servings/day (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.175-1.67) and pulses and legumes more than 2 servings/day (OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.25-1.29) was protective against hypertension. Mean carbohydrate, saturated fat, and sodium intake was significantly higher in the participants who had 4-5 metabolic risk factors compared to 3 risk factors ( < 0.0001).
It was concluded that low intake of fruits, vegetables, and higher intake of flesh food and inadequate physical activity significantly associated with the metabolic syndrome risk factors.
全球约20%-25%的成年人口以及近30%的印度人患有代谢综合征。我们的目标是找出重要营养素与潜在生活方式风险因素（如饮食、缺乏身体活动、吸烟和饮酒）与代谢综合征组成成分数量之间的关联。
这是一项横断面研究。本研究共纳入了205例代谢综合征患者。代谢综合征的诊断依据美国国家胆固醇教育计划成人治疗小组第三次报告标准（NCEP ATP III 2004）。通过经过验证的食物频率问卷和24小时饮食回顾法收集饮食数据，并使用专门设计的软件计算营养素摄入量。
在有超过3个风险因素的参与者中，不健康的饮食习惯更为常见。结果显示，在有4-5个风险因素的参与者中，食用>5次垃圾食品的几率高出3倍（优势比[OR]：2.97；95%置信区间[CI]：1.61-5.47），食用甜食的几率高出2.3倍（OR：2.33；95%CI：1.28-4.24）。然而，每天食用>4份牛奶和奶制品（OR：0.54；95%CI：0.175-1.67）以及每天食用超过2份豆类和豆制品（OR：0.57；95%CI：0.25-1.29）对高血压有保护作用。与有3个风险因素的参与者相比，有4-5个代谢风险因素的参与者的平均碳水化合物、饱和脂肪和钠摄入量显著更高（<0.0001）。
得出的结论是，水果、蔬菜摄入量低，肉类食物摄入量高以及身体活动不足与代谢综合征风险因素显著相关。
