Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Nutrition. 2010 Oct;26(10):986-92. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2010.03.006. Epub 2010 Jul 10.
Dietary habits have been associated with the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and limited data are available in this field for individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. This study focused on the association between major dietary patterns and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance.
This cross-sectional study was done in 425 subjects 35 to 55 y of age. Dietary data were collected using a food-frequency questionnaire. Blood pressure, waist circumference, glucose, triacylglycerols, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured and metabolic syndrome was defined based on Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines.
Five major dietary patterns were found: a western pattern (high in sweets, butter, soda, mayonnaise, sugar, cookies, tail of a lamb, hydrogenated fat, and eggs), a prudent pattern (high in fish, peas, honey, nuts, juice, dry fruits, vegetable oil, liver and organic meat, and coconuts and low in hydrogenated fat and non-leafy vegetables), a vegetarian pattern (high in potatoes, legumes, fruits rich in vitamin C, rice, green leafy vegetables, and fruits rich in vitamin A), a high-fat dairy pattern (high in high-fat yogurt and high-fat milk and low in low-fat yogurt, peas, and bread), and a chicken and plant pattern (high in chicken, fruits rich in vitamin A, green leafy vegetables, and mayonnaise and low in beef, liver, and organic meat). After adjusting for confounding variables, the western pattern was associated with greater odds of having increased triacylglycerol (odds ratio 1.76, 95% confidence interval 1.01-3.07) and blood pressure (odds ratio 2.62, 95% confidence interval 1.32-5.23). The prudent pattern was positively associated with a prevalence of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (odds ratio 0.55, 95% confidence interval 0.31-0.96). The vegetarian dietary pattern was inversely associated with a risk of an abnormal fasting blood glucose level (odds ratio 2.26, 95% confidence interval 1.25-4.06).
Major dietary patterns were significantly associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome.
饮食习惯与代谢综合征的患病率有关，而针对糖耐量受损个体的这方面数据有限。本研究集中于探讨主要的饮食模式与糖耐量受损个体代谢综合征患病率之间的关系。
本横断面研究纳入了 425 名 35 至 55 岁的研究对象。采用食物频率问卷收集饮食数据。测量血压、腰围、血糖、三酰甘油和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇，并根据成人治疗小组 III 指南定义代谢综合征。
发现了 5 种主要的饮食模式：一种是西方模式（高糖、黄油、苏打水、蛋黄酱、糖、饼干、羊尾、氢化脂肪和鸡蛋），一种是谨慎模式（高鱼、豌豆、蜂蜜、坚果、果汁、干果、植物油、肝脏和有机肉类、椰子和低氢化脂肪和非绿叶蔬菜），一种是素食模式（高土豆、豆类、富含维生素 C 的水果、大米、绿叶蔬菜和富含维生素 A 的水果），一种是高脂肪乳制品模式（高脂肪酸奶和高脂肪牛奶高，低脂酸奶、豌豆和面包低），一种是鸡肉和植物模式（高鸡肉、富含维生素 A 的水果、绿叶蔬菜和蛋黄酱，牛肉、肝脏和有机肉类低）。调整混杂因素后，西方模式与更高的甘油三酯（比值比 1.76，95%置信区间 1.01-3.07）和血压（比值比 2.62，95%置信区间 1.32-5.23）患病率相关。谨慎模式与低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平的患病率呈正相关（比值比 0.55，95%置信区间 0.31-0.96）。素食饮食模式与空腹血糖水平异常的风险呈负相关（比值比 2.26，95%置信区间 1.25-4.06）。
主要的饮食模式与代谢综合征的风险显著相关。
