Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Baghestan Boulevard, Karaj, 31485/56, Iran.
World J Pediatr. 2018 Feb;14(1):66-76. doi: 10.1007/s12519-017-0115-5. Epub 2018 Feb 13.
This study aimed to assess the socioeconomic inequality and determinants of screen time (ST) frequency in Iranian children and adolescents.
This nationwide study was conducted as part of a national school-based surveillance program among 36,486 students consisting of 50.79% boys and 74.23% urban inhabitants, aged 6-18 years, living in urban and rural areas of 30 provinces of Iran. Socioeconomic inequality in ST, including the time spent for ST, watching TV and leisure-time working with computer, was assessed across quintiles of SES using concentration index (C) and slope index of inequality (SII).
Overall, 36,486 students completed the study (response rate 91.25%). Their mean (SD) age was 12.14 (3.36) years. The national estimation of frequency of ST was 31.66% (95% CI 31.16-32.17) with ascending change from 20.80% (95% CI 19.81-21.82) to 36.66% (95% CI 35.47-37.87) from the first to the last quintal of SES. Estimated C value at national level was positive (0.08), which indicate inequality was in favor of low SES groups. Considering the SII values, at national level [- 0.16 (- 0.39, 0.06)], the absolute difference in ST frequency between the bottom and top of the socioeconomic groups had descending trends. In multivariate logistic regression model, family history of obesity, generalized obesity and age were the main significant determinants of prolonged ST, watching TV, and computer working (P < 0.001).
Socioeconomic inequality in ST frequency was in favor of low SES groups. These findings are useful for health policies, better programming and future complementary analyses.
本研究旨在评估伊朗儿童和青少年的屏幕时间（ST）频率的社会经济不平等及其决定因素。
本全国性研究是作为伊朗全国性学校监测计划的一部分进行的，该计划共纳入了 36486 名学生，其中男生占 50.79%，城市居民占 74.23%，年龄为 6-18 岁，居住在伊朗 30 个省份的城市和农村地区。使用集中指数（C）和不平等斜率指数（SII）评估了 SES 五分位数的 ST、看电视和使用计算机进行闲暇时间活动的时间的社会经济不平等。
共有 36486 名学生完成了这项研究（应答率为 91.25%）。他们的平均（SD）年龄为 12.14（3.36）岁。全国 ST 频率的估计值为 31.66%（95%CI 31.16-32.17），呈递增趋势，从 SES 五分位数的第一分位数的 20.80%（95%CI 19.81-21.82）上升至最后一分位数的 36.66%（95%CI 35.47-37.87）。国家层面的 C 值为正（0.08），表明不平等有利于 SES 较低的群体。考虑到 SII 值，在国家层面[-0.16（-0.39，0.06）]，社会经济群体的底层和顶层之间的 ST 频率的绝对差异呈下降趋势。在多变量逻辑回归模型中，肥胖家族史、普遍性肥胖和年龄是延长 ST、看电视和使用计算机时间的主要显著决定因素（P<0.001）。
ST 频率的社会经济不平等有利于 SES 较低的群体。这些发现对于卫生政策、更好的规划和未来的补充分析很有用。
