Helm Norman, Prieske Olaf, Muehlbauer Thomas, Krüger Tom, Granacher Urs
Sportverletz Sportschaden. 2018 Jun;32(2):134-142. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-122781. Epub 2018 Feb 14.
In judo, rapid force production during pulling movements is an important component of athletic performance, which is why this capacity needs to be specifically exercised in judo. This study aimed at examining the effects of a judo-specific resistance training program using a judo ergometer system (PTJ) versus a traditional resistance training regime using a partner (PTP) on kinetics and muscle activity of judo-specific pulling exercises.
Twenty-four male judo athletes (age: 22 ± 4 years, training experience: 15 ± 3 years) were randomly assigned to two groups. In a crossover design, the first group completed a 4-week PTJ followed by four weeks of PTP (each with three sessions per week). The second group conducted PTP prior to PTJ. PTJ and PTP were completed in addition to regular training. Before, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after training, tests were conducted to assess judo-specific pulling kinetics (i. e. maximal force, rate of force development [RFD], mechanical work) and electromyographic (EMG) shoulder/trunk muscle activity (i. e. biceps brachii muscle, deltoid muscle, trapezius muscle, erector spinae muscle) during pulling movements using a judo ergometer as well as unspecific strength tests (i. e. bench-pull, pull-ups).
The statistical analysis revealed that in both groups ergometer pulling kinetics (p <.05, 0.83 ≤d≤ 1.77) and EMG activity (p <.05; 1.07 ≤d≤ 2.25) were significantly enhanced following 8 weeks of training. In addition, significantly larger gains in RFD, mechanical work, and EMG activity (i. e. deltoid muscle, erector spinae muscle, trapezius muscle) were found following PTJ compared to PTP (p <.05, 1.25 ≤d≤ 2.79). No significant enhancements were observed with the unspecific strength tests.
Our findings indicate that PTJ is superior to PTP regarding training-induced improvements in force production and muscle activity during judo-specific pulling exercises. Performance enhancements may partly be attributed to neural adaptations. No transfer effects on unspecific strength tests were detected following PTJ and PTP.
在柔道运动中，拉拽动作时快速发力是运动表现的重要组成部分，这就是为何在柔道训练中需要专门训练这种能力。本研究旨在探讨使用柔道测力计系统（PTJ）的特定于柔道的阻力训练计划与使用训练伙伴（PTP）的传统阻力训练方式对柔道特定拉拽动作的动力学和肌肉活动的影响。
24名男性柔道运动员（年龄：22±4岁，训练经验：15±3年）被随机分为两组。采用交叉设计，第一组先进行为期4周的PTJ训练，然后进行4周的PTP训练（每组每周训练3次）。第二组先进行PTP训练，再进行PTJ训练。PTJ和PTP训练均在常规训练之外进行。在训练前、训练4周后和8周后，使用柔道测力计进行测试，以评估柔道特定拉拽动作的动力学指标（即最大力量、力量发展速率[RFD]、机械功）以及拉拽动作过程中肩部/躯干肌肉的肌电图（EMG）活动（即肱二头肌、三角肌、斜方肌、竖脊肌），同时还进行非特定力量测试（即卧推、引体向上）。
统计分析表明，两组在训练8周后，测力计拉拽动作的动力学指标（p<0.05，0.83≤d≤1.77）和EMG活动（p<0.05；1.07≤d≤2.25）均显著增强。此外，与PTP训练相比，PTJ训练后RFD、机械功和EMG活动（即三角肌、竖脊肌、斜方肌）的提升幅度更大（p<0.05，1.25≤d≤2.79）。非特定力量测试未观察到显著增强。
我们的研究结果表明，在柔道特定拉拽动作中，就训练引起的力量产生和肌肉活动改善而言，PTJ优于PTP。运动表现的提升可能部分归因于神经适应性变化。PTJ和PTP训练后未检测到对非特定力量测试的迁移效应。
