National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kanoya, Kagoshima, Japan.
PLoS One. 2024 Aug 28;19(8):e0307841. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307841. eCollection 2024.
Strength-trained athletes has less trainability in muscle size and function, because of their adaptation to long-term advanced training. This study examined whether resistance training (RT) leading to repetition failure can be effective modality to overcome this subject. Twenty-three male judo athletes completed a 6-week unilateral dumbbell curl training with two sessions per week, being added to in-season training of judo. The participants were assigned to one of three different training programs: ballistic light-load (30% of one repetition maximum (1RM)) RT to repetition failure (RFLB) (n = 6), traditional heavy-load (80% of 1RM) RT to repetition failure (RFHT) (n = 7), and ballistic light-load (30% of 1RM) RT to non-repetition failure (NRFLB) (n = 10). Before and after the intervention period, the muscle thickness (MT) and the maximal voluntary isometric force (MVC) and rate of force development (RFDmax) of elbow flexors were determined. In addition, theoretical maximum force (F0), velocity (V0), power (Pmax), and slope were calculated from force-velocity relation during explosive elbow flexion against six different loads. For statistical analysis, p < 0.05 was considered significant. The MT and MVC had significant effect of time with greater magnitude of the gains in RFHT and NRFLB compared to RFLB. On the other hand, all parameters derived from force-velocity relation and RFDmax did not show significant effects of time. The present study indicates that ballistic light-load and traditional heavy-load resistance training programs, leading to non-repetition failure and repetition failure, respectively, can be modalities for improving muscle size and isometric strength in judo athletes, but these do not improve power generation capacity.
力量训练运动员的肌肉大小和功能的可训练性较低，因为他们适应了长期的高级训练。本研究旨在探讨是否可以通过导致重复失败的抗阻训练（RT）来克服这一问题。23 名男性柔道运动员完成了为期 6 周的单侧哑铃弯举训练，每周进行两次训练，与柔道的赛季训练相结合。参与者被分配到三种不同的训练方案中：达到重复失败的弹道轻负荷（30%的 1 次重复最大重量（1RM））RT（RFLB）（n = 6）、达到重复失败的传统重负荷（80%的 1RM）RT（RFHT）（n = 7）和达到非重复失败的弹道轻负荷（30%的 1RM）RT（NRFLB）（n = 10）。干预前后，测定了肘屈肌的肌肉厚度（MT）、最大自主等长力量（MVC）和最大力量发展速度（RFDmax）。此外，还根据爆发力肘屈对抗六种不同负荷时的力-速度关系，计算了理论最大力（F0）、速度（V0）、功率（Pmax）和斜率。统计分析中，p < 0.05 被认为具有统计学意义。MT 和 MVC 具有时间的显著效应，RFHT 和 NRFLB 的增益幅度大于 RFLB。另一方面，所有来自力-速度关系和 RFDmax 的参数均未显示时间的显著效应。本研究表明，导致非重复失败和重复失败的弹道轻负荷和传统重负荷抗阻训练方案可以作为提高柔道运动员肌肉大小和等长力量的方法，但不能提高力量生成能力。
