Estebsari Fatemeh, Taghdisi Mohammad Hossein, Mostafaei Davood, Rahimi Zahra
Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Health Education& Promotion, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2017 Mar 23;31:24. doi: 10.18869/mjiri.31.24. eCollection 2017.
Death is a natural and frightening phenomenon, which is inevitable. Previous studies on death, which presented a negative and tedious image of this process, are now being revised and directed towards acceptable death and good death. One of the proposed terms about death and dying is "healthy death", which encourages dealing with death positively and leading a lively and happy life until the last moment. This study aimed to explain the views of Iranians about the elements of healthy death. This qualitative study was conducted for 12 months in two general hospitals in Tehran (capital of Iran), using the thematic analysis method. After conducting 23 in-depth interviews with 21 participants, transcription of content, and data immersion and analysis, themes, as the smallest meaningful units were extracted, encoded and classified. One main category of healthy death with 10 subthemes, including dying at the right time, dying without hassle, dying without cost, dying without dependency and control, peaceful death, not having difficulty at dying, not dying alone and dying at home, inspired death, preplanned death, and presence of a clergyman or a priest, were extracted as the elements of healthy death from the perspective of the participants in this study. The study findings well explained the elements of healthy death. Paying attention to the conditions and factors causing healthy death by professionals and providing and facilitating quality services for patients in the end stage of life make it possible for patients to experience a healthy death.
死亡是一种自然且可怕的现象，是不可避免的。以往关于死亡的研究呈现出这一过程消极且乏味的形象，如今这些研究正在被修正，并朝着可接受的死亡和安详离世的方向发展。一个关于死亡与临终的提议术语是“健康死亡”，它鼓励积极面对死亡，并在生命的最后一刻都能过上充满活力和幸福的生活。本研究旨在阐释伊朗人对健康死亡要素的看法。这项定性研究在伊朗首都德黑兰的两家综合医院进行了12个月，采用了主题分析法。在对21名参与者进行了23次深入访谈、内容转录以及数据沉浸与分析之后，作为最小有意义单元的主题被提取、编码和分类。从本研究参与者的角度来看，健康死亡的一个主要类别及10个子主题被提取出来，包括在合适的时间离世、毫无痛苦地离世、免费离世、没有依赖和能自主离世、安详地离世、离世时没有困难、不孤独离世且在家中离世、受到启发而离世、有预先规划的离世，以及有神职人员在场，这些被视为健康死亡的要素。研究结果很好地阐释了健康死亡的要素。专业人员关注导致健康死亡的条件和因素，并为临终患者提供和便利优质服务，能让患者体验到健康死亡。
