Eremin V N, Reshetnikov M V, Sheshnev A S
Gig Sanit. 2017;96(2):117-21.
Monitoring of environment in regions of the location of waste landfills includes the implementation of the control over a sanitary condition of soils. The main origins of the spread ofpollutants into soils are the solid particles from aerosol emissions from the functioning of landfills transmitted to surrounding territories. Within zones of the impact of three largest waste landfills in the Saratov region (Aleksandrovsky, Guselsky in the city of Saratov and Balakovsky in the city of Balakovo) there were taken 152 soil samples. According to results of the estimation in soil concentration of gross and motile forms of heavy metals of the first (Zn, Cd, Ni) and the second danger classes (Cu, Cr, Pb) there was performed the analysis of coefficients of danger- K0 and total coefficients ofpollution - Zc. There was executed the assessment of both a sanitary and hygienic condition of soils and degree of danger ofpollution. The most contrast areal features of the distribution of the danger coefficient - Ko in soils are characteristic for motile forms of heavy metals. For all three studied objects persistently there is stood out the dangerous and areal pollution of soils by association of Ni and Cu . The danger ofpollution of soils by gross forms of heavy metals is minimum. The coefficient of total pollution of Zc exceeds admissible level on motile forms of heavy metals only for the soils surrounding the Balakovo landfill. In zones of the impact of waste landfills there are located the processed lands with an adverse sanitary and hygienic condition of soils. In the region of the Guselsky object soils of the processed agricultural grounds are dangerously polluted by motile forms of Ni and Cu. In vicinities of the Balakovo waste landfill considerable areas of private gardening enterprises are dangerously polluted by the motile forms of Ni, Cu and Zn.
对垃圾填埋场所在区域的环境监测包括对土壤卫生状况的控制。污染物进入土壤的主要来源是垃圾填埋场运行过程中气溶胶排放产生的固体颗粒传播到周边地区。在萨拉托夫地区三个最大的垃圾填埋场（萨拉托夫市的亚历山德罗夫斯基、古谢尔斯基和巴拉科沃市的巴拉科夫斯基）的影响区域内，采集了152份土壤样本。根据对第一类（锌、镉、镍）和第二类危险等级（铜、铬、铅）重金属总量和可移动形态在土壤中的浓度估算结果，进行了危险系数 - K0和总污染系数 - Zc的分析。对土壤的卫生状况和污染危险程度进行了评估。土壤中危险系数 - Ko分布最明显的区域特征是重金属的可移动形态。对于所有三个研究对象，镍和铜的结合持续导致土壤的危险和区域污染。重金属总量形态对土壤的污染危险最小。仅巴拉科夫斯基垃圾填埋场周边土壤的总污染系数Zc在重金属可移动形态方面超过了允许水平。在垃圾填埋场的影响区域内，存在土壤卫生状况不良的已处理土地。在古谢尔斯基对象区域，已处理农田的土壤被镍和铜的可移动形态严重污染。在巴拉科夫斯基垃圾填埋场附近，相当大面积的私人园艺企业被镍、铜和锌的可移动形态严重污染。
