State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China.
Curr Med Chem. 2019;26(21):3923-3957. doi: 10.2174/0929867325666180214105552.
Enzymes are a class of macromolecules that function as highly efficient and specific biological catalysts requiring only mild reaction conditions. Enzymes are essential to maintaining life activities, including promoting metabolism and homeostasis, and participating in a variety of physiological functions. Accordingly, enzymatic levels and activity are closely related to the health of the organism, where enzymatic dysfunctions often lead to corresponding diseases in the host. Due to this, diagnosis of certain diseases is based on the levels and activity of certain enzymes. Therefore, rapid real-time and accurate detection of enzymes in situ are important for diagnosis, monitoring, clinical treatment and pathological studies of disease. Fluorescent probes have unique advantages in terms of detecting enzymes, including being simple to use in highly sensitive and selective real-time rapid in-situ noninvasive and highly spatial resolution visual imaging. However, fluorescent probes are most commonly used to detect oxidoreductases, transferases and hydrolases due to the processes and types of enzyme reactions. This paper summarizes the application of fluorescent probes to detect these three types of enzymes over the past five years. In addition, we introduce the mechanisms underlying detection of these enzymes by their corresponding probes.
酶是一类具有高效和特异性的生物催化剂的大分子，仅需要温和的反应条件。酶对于维持生命活动至关重要，包括促进新陈代谢和体内平衡，以及参与各种生理功能。因此，酶的水平和活性与生物体的健康密切相关，其中酶功能障碍常常导致宿主出现相应的疾病。由于这个原因，某些疾病的诊断是基于某些酶的水平和活性。因此，快速实时、准确地检测原位酶对于疾病的诊断、监测、临床治疗和病理研究非常重要。荧光探针在检测酶方面具有独特的优势，包括使用简单、高度灵敏和选择性、实时快速、原位非侵入性和高空间分辨率的可视化成像。然而，由于酶反应的过程和类型，荧光探针最常用于检测氧化还原酶、转移酶和水解酶。本文总结了过去五年荧光探针在检测这三种酶中的应用。此外，我们介绍了相应探针检测这些酶的机制。
