de Pina-Araujo Isabel Inês M, Spitz Natalia, Soares Caroline C, Niel Christian, Lago Barbara V, Gomes Selma A
Faculdade de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade de Cabo Verde, Praia, Santiago, Cape Verde.
Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2018 Feb 15;13(2):e0192595. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192595. eCollection 2018.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) diversity has not been previously studied in Cape Verde. The archipelago was discovered in 1460 by Portuguese explorers, who brought African slaves to colonise the islands. In this study, we investigated the HBV characteristics from 183 HBsAg-positive Cape Verdean individuals. Phylogenetic analysis of the pre-S/S region and the full-length genomes revealed 54 isolates with HBV/A1 (57%), 21 with HBV/A2 (22%), 19 with HBV/E (20%), and one with HBV/D (1%). HBV genotypes and subgenotypes were unequally distributed through the islands. In São Vicente, the main northern island, most isolates (84%) belonged to the African-originated HBV/A1, with the remaining isolates belonging to HBV/A2, which is prevalent in Europe. Interestingly, the HBV/A1 isolates from São Vicente were closely related to Brazilian sequences into the Asian-American clade, which suggests the dissemination of common African ancestors through slave trade. In contrast, in Santiago and nearby southern islands, where a recent influx from different populations circulates, a higher diversity of HBV was observed: HBV/A1 (40%); HBV/E (32%); HBV/A2 (28%); and HBV/D (1%). HBV/E is a recent genotype disseminated in Africa that was absent in the era of the slave trade. African and European human flows at different times of the history may explain the HBV diversity in Cape Verde. The possible origin and specifics of each HBV genotype circulating in Cape Verde are discussed.
此前尚未在佛得角对乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）的多样性进行研究。该群岛于1460年被葡萄牙探险家发现，他们带来非洲奴隶对这些岛屿进行殖民。在本研究中，我们调查了183名HBsAg阳性佛得角人的HBV特征。对前S/S区域和全长基因组进行系统发育分析显示，有54株分离株属于HBV/A1（57%），21株属于HBV/A2（22%），19株属于HBV/E（20%），1株属于HBV/D（1%）。HBV基因型和亚基因型在各岛屿的分布不均衡。在北部主要岛屿圣维森特，大多数分离株（84%）属于源自非洲的HBV/A1，其余分离株属于在欧洲流行的HBV/A2。有趣的是，圣维森特的HBV/A1分离株与巴西序列密切相关，属于亚美分支，这表明共同的非洲祖先通过奴隶贸易传播。相比之下，在圣地亚哥及附近的南部岛屿，由于近期有不同人群涌入，观察到更高的HBV多样性：HBV/A1（40%）；HBV/E（32%）；HBV/A2（28%）；HBV/D（1%）。HBV/E是一种最近在非洲传播的基因型，在奴隶贸易时代并不存在。非洲和欧洲在不同历史时期的人口流动可能解释了佛得角的HBV多样性。本文讨论了在佛得角传播的每种HBV基因型的可能起源和具体情况。
