Knapik Joseph J, Redmond Jan E, Grier Tyson L, Sharp Marilyn A
US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Natick, MA.
Henry M Jackson Foundation, 6720A Rockledge Dr, Bethesda, MD.
Mil Med. 2018 Nov 1;183(11-12):e414-e426. doi: 10.1093/milmed/usx093.
The purpose of this investigation was to examine changes over time in the physical fitness of the United States (US) Army infantry. A systematic review was conducted to identify and analyze articles and databases that reported on physical characteristics (height, weight, and body mass index) and/or Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) scores of male infantrymen or men in infantry units.
The National Library of Medicine's PubMed and the Defense Technical Information Center were searched using specific keywords. Reference lists of obtained articles, specific author searches, contact with authors, and secondary analysis of available databases enhanced the search. Studies and databases were selected if they involved infantry soldiers or soldiers in infantry units and provided a quantitative assessment of at least one physical characteristic or APFT measure. Average values for each measure were obtained, plotted by the year of data collection, and fitted to linear regression models.
Thirty-one articles and five available databases met the review criteria encompassing years 1976-2015. Regression analysis suggested a small temporal increase in height for infantry soldiers (2%) and soldiers in infantry units (1%). Body weight and body mass index increased over the period (9-15%) in both groups. APFT performance of infantry soldiers was generally higher than that of infantry units. There was little change in APFT performance over the period for infantry soldiers. For soldiers in infantry units, push-up performance changed little over time, whereas sit-up performance increased (8%) and two-mile run performance decreased (8%).
Over the surveyed period, body weight and body mass index increased in US Army infantry soldiers and soldier in infantry units. Infantry soldier performance on the APFT appears to have been maintained over the period. For soldiers in infantry units, there has been a small improvement in sit-up performance, but lower two-mile run performance.
本调查的目的是研究美国陆军步兵体能随时间的变化。进行了一项系统综述，以识别和分析报告男性步兵或步兵单位人员的身体特征（身高、体重和体重指数）和/或陆军体能测试（APFT）分数的文章和数据库。
使用特定关键词搜索了美国国立医学图书馆的PubMed和国防技术信息中心。通过获取文章的参考文献列表、特定作者搜索、与作者联系以及对现有数据库的二次分析来加强搜索。如果研究和数据库涉及步兵士兵或步兵单位的士兵，并对至少一项身体特征或APFT指标进行了定量评估，则将其纳入。获取每项指标的平均值，按数据收集年份绘制，并拟合到线性回归模型。
31篇文章和5个现有数据库符合1976 - 2015年的综述标准。回归分析表明，步兵士兵的身高有小幅的时间增长（2%），步兵单位的士兵身高增长为1%。两组的体重和体重指数在此期间均有所增加（9 - 15%）。步兵士兵的APFT表现总体上高于步兵单位。在此期间，步兵士兵的APFT表现变化不大。对于步兵单位的士兵，俯卧撑表现随时间变化不大，而仰卧起坐表现有所增加（8%），两英里跑表现下降（8%）。
在调查期间，美国陆军步兵士兵和步兵单位的士兵体重和体重指数有所增加。在此期间，步兵士兵在APFT上的表现似乎保持稳定。对于步兵单位的士兵，仰卧起坐表现有小幅改善，但两英里跑表现有所下降。
