Adegbiji Waheed Atilade, Olajide Gabriel Toye, Olajuyin Anthony Oyebanji, Aremu Shuaib Kayode, Olusola Akanbi Ganiyu
ENT Department, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.
ENT Department, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti/Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti (ABUAD), Ekiti State, Nigeria.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2018 Mar;106:75-79. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.01.014. Epub 2018 Feb 2.
Allergic rhinitis is a chronic and recurrent nasal condition. It is often neglected in children with late presentation. This study aimed at determining the prevalence, sociodemographic features, comorbid illnesses, complications and quality of life in children with allergic rhinitis in the study institution.
This is a prospective hospital based study of children with allergic rhinitis in Ekiti state university teaching hospital, Ado Ekiti. The study was carried out in ENT department over a period of two years (between June 2015 to May 2017). Informed consent was obtained from the parents/guardian/patients and consented patients were enrolled into the study. Data were obtained by pretested interviewers assisted questionnaire. Details of their history, physical examination and investigations were carried out and findings were documented. All data obtained were descriptively analysed using SPSS version 18.0 and presented in simple tables and charts. Ethical clearance was sought for and obtained from the ethical committee of the hospital.
A total of 4341 patients were seen out of which 265 were children with allergic rhinitis. Prevalence of allergic rhinitis in children in this study was 6.1%. There were 63.0% males with male to female ratio of 2:1. Allergic rhinitis was peaked at preschool age group (1-5 years) accounted for 47.9%. A total of 42.3% participants were living in urban setting while 57.7% were from rural setting. Majorities (40.4%) of the patients were in nursery and parent's major occupation was mainly farming in 27.2%. There was positive family history of allergy in 54.7% patients. Perennial allergic rhinitis were noted in 63.8% patients while seasonal allergic rhinitis were noted in 36.2% patients. Major form of allergens was inhalant 81.8% and the least form of allergen was ingestant 5.7%. The commonest identified trigger factors among the study population were as follows: dust, cold weather and smoke which were accounted for 59.6%, 37.4% and 18.9% of the study patients respectively. Other noted triggering factors were soap and perfume which accounted for 4.2% and 1.1% respectively. Major associated comorbid illnesses among the patients were tonsils hypertrophy, adenoid hypertrophy and inferior turbinate hypertrophy which accounted for 55.5%, 46.4% and 40.4% respectively. Clinical presentations of allergic rhinitis in this study were mainly 75.8% nasal blockage, 65.3% runny nose and 8.5% recurrent sneezing. Commonest complications of allergic rhinitis were 35.1% pharyngitis, 32.1% otitis media and 28.3% headache. Treatment of allergic rhinitis leads to improvement on the clinical features in 90.1% patients. No significant improvement in clinical features were noticed in 9.8% patients. None of the studied patients reported worse clinical condition after treatment of allergic rhinitis. No mortality was recorded from allergic rhinitis in this study.
Allergic rhinitis affect all paediatric age group and there were delayed presentation in the participants. There were associated comorbid illnesses, complications and affectation of quality of life at presentation in majority of the patients.
变应性鼻炎是一种慢性复发性鼻病。在就诊较晚的儿童中常被忽视。本研究旨在确定研究机构中变应性鼻炎患儿的患病率、社会人口学特征、合并症、并发症及生活质量。
这是一项在阿多-埃基蒂的埃基蒂州立大学教学医院对变应性鼻炎患儿进行的前瞻性医院研究。该研究在耳鼻喉科进行，为期两年（2015年6月至2017年5月）。已获得家长/监护人/患者的知情同意，同意参与的患者被纳入研究。数据由经过预测试的访谈员辅助问卷获取。对他们的病史、体格检查和检查细节进行记录，并将结果存档。使用SPSS 18.0对所有获得的数据进行描述性分析，并以简单表格和图表呈现。已向医院伦理委员会寻求并获得伦理批准。
共诊治4341例患者，其中265例为变应性鼻炎患儿。本研究中儿童变应性鼻炎的患病率为6.1%。男性占63.0%，男女比例为2:1。变应性鼻炎在学龄前年龄组（1 - 5岁）达到高峰，占47.9%。共有42.3%的参与者居住在城市，57.7%来自农村。大多数（40.4%）患者在托儿所，家长的主要职业主要是务农，占27.2%。54.7%的患者有过敏家族史。63.8%的患者为常年性变应性鼻炎，36.2%的患者为季节性变应性鼻炎。主要的变应原形式是吸入性变应原，占81.8%，最少的变应原形式是食入性变应原，占5.7%。研究人群中最常见的诱发因素如下：灰尘、寒冷天气和烟雾，分别占研究患者的59.6%、37.4%和18.9%。其他 noted 诱发因素是肥皂和香水，分别占4.2%和1.1%。患者中主要的相关合并症是扁桃体肥大、腺样体肥大和下鼻甲肥大，分别占55.5%、46.4%和40.4%。本研究中变应性鼻炎的临床表现主要为鼻塞（75.8%）、流涕（65.3%）和反复打喷嚏（8.5%）。变应性鼻炎最常见的并发症是咽炎（35.1%）、中耳炎（32.1%）和头痛（28.3%）。变应性鼻炎的治疗使90.1%的患者临床特征得到改善。9.8%的患者临床特征无明显改善。本研究中没有患者在变应性鼻炎治疗后报告临床状况恶化。本研究中变应性鼻炎未记录到死亡病例。
变应性鼻炎影响所有儿童年龄组，且参与者就诊延迟。大多数患者在就诊时存在相关合并症、并发症并影响生活质量。
