Oludare Simisola O, Pater Mackenzie L, Rosenblatt Noah J, Grabiner Mark D
University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, 1919 W. Taylor Street, Room 654, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Center for Lower Extremity Ambulatory Research (CLEAR), Dr. William M. Scholl College of Podiatric Medicine, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States.
Gait Posture. 2018 Mar;61:382-386. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.02.001. Epub 2018 Feb 5.
Informed consent usually provides foreknowledge of experimental methods that can potentially increase expectation of stimuli and, therefore, influence the response. We determined the effects of increased expectation and trip-specific training on the recovery response following a treadmill-delivered, trip-specific disturbance. To deliver unexpected disturbances, subjects were deceived during the informed consent process. The primary hypothesis was that the recovery response following an expected postural disturbance would be characterized by trunk kinematics that have been shown to decrease the likelihood of a fall, compared to following an unexpected postural disturbance. We further hypothesized that following an unexpected postural disturbance, the recovery response of the subjects who had completed a trip-specific training protocol would be more biomechanically favorable to recovery compared to those of subjects who had not received the training.
Young adults were randomized into Untrained or Trained groups. During the informed consent process, the purpose of the study was explained to subjects in both groups as being to determine the effect of trip-specific training on postural sway while performing an attention-demanding task. Untrained subjects completed two trials during which they minimized their postural sway. During the second trial, an unexpected disturbance was delivered while they performed the attention-demanding task. Trained subjects performed a pre-training postural sway trial, followed by the delivery of a series of expected, training disturbances. Finally, an unexpected disturbance was delivered while they minimized postural sway and performed the attention-demanding task.
Expectation significantly improved trunk kinematics (p < .05). In addition, participation in the trip-specific training protocol following the unexpected disturbance the trunk kinematics of the Trained subjects were more biomechanically favorable to recovery than those of the Untrained subjects (p < .01).
Improved trunk kinematics following trip-specific training may be independent of the extent to which the disturbance is expected.
知情同意通常会提供有关实验方法的预先知晓信息，这可能会潜在地增加对刺激的预期，从而影响反应。我们确定了增加预期和特定绊倒训练对跑步机施加的特定绊倒干扰后恢复反应的影响。为了施加意外干扰，在知情同意过程中对受试者进行了欺骗。主要假设是，与意外姿势干扰后相比，预期姿势干扰后的恢复反应将以已被证明可降低跌倒可能性的躯干运动学特征为特征。我们进一步假设，在意外姿势干扰后，完成特定绊倒训练方案的受试者的恢复反应在生物力学上比未接受训练的受试者更有利于恢复。
将年轻成年人随机分为未训练组或训练组。在知情同意过程中，向两组受试者解释该研究的目的是确定特定绊倒训练对在执行需要注意力的任务时姿势摇摆的影响。未训练的受试者完成了两项试验，在此期间他们尽量减少姿势摇摆。在第二项试验中，当他们执行需要注意力的任务时施加了意外干扰。训练组受试者先进行了一次训练前姿势摇摆试验，然后进行一系列预期的训练干扰。最后，当他们尽量减少姿势摇摆并执行需要注意力的任务时，施加了意外干扰。
预期显著改善了躯干运动学（p < 0.05）。此外，在意外干扰后参与特定绊倒训练方案，训练组受试者的躯干运动学在生物力学上比未训练组受试者更有利于恢复（p < 0.01）。
特定绊倒训练后躯干运动学的改善可能与干扰的预期程度无关。
