Department of Psychiatry, CB# 7160, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2018 Feb 16;19(3):123-137. doi: 10.1038/nrn.2018.1.
In humans, the period from term birth to ∼2 years of age is characterized by rapid and dynamic brain development and plays an important role in cognitive development and risk of disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. Recent imaging studies have begun to delineate the growth trajectories of brain structure and function in the first years after birth and their relationship to cognition and risk of neuropsychiatric disorders. This Review discusses the development of grey and white matter and structural and functional networks, as well as genetic and environmental influences on early-childhood brain development. We also discuss initial evidence regarding the usefulness of early imaging biomarkers for predicting cognitive outcomes and risk of neuropsychiatric disorders.
在人类中，从足月出生到 2 岁左右的时期是大脑快速而动态发育的时期，对认知发展和自闭症、精神分裂症等疾病的风险起着重要作用。最近的影像学研究开始描绘出生后最初几年大脑结构和功能的生长轨迹，以及它们与认知和神经精神障碍风险的关系。这篇综述讨论了灰质和白质以及结构和功能网络的发育，以及遗传和环境对儿童早期大脑发育的影响。我们还讨论了关于早期影像学生物标志物用于预测认知结果和神经精神障碍风险的初步证据。
