Cao Miao, Huang Hao, He Yong
National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Trends Neurosci. 2017 Aug;40(8):494-506. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2017.06.003. Epub 2017 Jul 3.
The human brain undergoes rapid growth in both structure and function from infancy through early childhood, and this significantly influences cognitive and behavioral development in later life. A newly emerging research framework, developmental connectomics, provides unprecedented opportunities for exploring the developing brain through non-invasive mapping of structural and functional connectivity patterns. Within this framework, we review recent neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies investigating connectome development from 20 postmenstrual weeks to 5 years of age. Specifically, we highlight five fundamental principles of brain network development during the critical first years of life, emphasizing strengthened segregation/integration balance, a remarkable hierarchical order from primary to higher-order regions, unparalleled structural and functional maturations, substantial individual variability, and high vulnerability to risk factors and developmental disorders.
从婴儿期到幼儿期，人类大脑在结构和功能上都经历快速生长，这对其日后生活中的认知和行为发展有着重大影响。一个新兴的研究框架——发育连接组学，通过对结构和功能连接模式进行无创测绘，为探索发育中的大脑提供了前所未有的机会。在此框架内，我们回顾了近期的神经影像学和神经生理学研究，这些研究调查了从孕后20周直至5岁的连接组发育情况。具体而言，我们着重介绍生命最初关键几年大脑网络发育的五条基本原则，强调强化的分离/整合平衡、从初级区域到高级区域显著的层级顺序、无与伦比的结构和功能成熟度、巨大的个体差异，以及对风险因素和发育障碍的高度易感性。
