Williams Brett, Song Jane Jee Yeon
Department of Community Emergency Health & Paramedic Practice, Monash University, Peninsula Campus, McMahons Road, PO Box 527, 3199 Frankston, VIC Australia.
Adv Simul (Lond). 2016 Feb 16;1:6. doi: 10.1186/s41077-016-0006-1. eCollection 2016.
The need to evaluate the effectiveness of SPs in improving clinical competence has attracted a heightened interest across the healthcare professions, with some prevailing gaps in their evidence. Using a scoping review approach, this study aims to provide an overview on the effectiveness of SPs in facilitating the development of clinical competence for healthcare students.
This scoping review applied the first five out of the six-stage methodological framework developed by Levac et al. (Implementation Science 5:69), as follows: 1) Identify the research question; 2) identify relevant studies; 3) study selection; 4) charting the data; and 5) collating, summarising and reporting the results. The search was performed on four databases, including Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL and Scopus.
A total of 33 articles were included in this study (out of 968 identified), comprising of 20 cross-sectional studies, eight randomised controlled trials and five longitudinal studies. The studies were examined and categorised for further discussion in the three domains of clinical competence; technical, non-technical and cognitive skills. Overall, 24 out of 33 studies showed effectiveness of SPs in facilitating students' clinical competence.
This scoping review serves to provide guidance for future healthcare education development, by illustrating the effectiveness of SPs in improving students' clinical competence as evidenced in the literature. In doing so, it highlights the potential of SPs in facilitating students' acquisition of the necessary skills for clinical practice.
评估标准化病人（SPs）在提高临床能力方面的有效性的需求，已引起了整个医疗行业越来越浓厚的兴趣，但其证据存在一些普遍的差距。本研究采用范围综述方法，旨在概述标准化病人在促进医学生临床能力发展方面的有效性。
本范围综述应用了Levac等人（《实施科学》5:69）开发的六阶段方法框架中的前五个阶段，如下：1）确定研究问题；2）识别相关研究；3）研究选择；4）梳理数据；5）整理、总结和报告结果。在四个数据库（包括Medline、EMBASE、CINAHL和Scopus）上进行了检索。
本研究共纳入33篇文章（从968篇识别出的文章中筛选），包括20项横断面研究、8项随机对照试验和5项纵向研究。对这些研究进行了审查并分类，以便在临床能力的三个领域（技术、非技术和认知技能）进行进一步讨论。总体而言，33项研究中有24项显示标准化病人在促进学生临床能力方面有效。
本范围综述通过说明标准化病人在提高学生临床能力方面的有效性（如文献所示），为未来的医学教育发展提供指导。这样做突出了标准化病人在促进学生获得临床实践所需技能方面的潜力。
