Wilches-Gutierrez Jose, Documet Patricia
Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA.
Public Health Rev. 2018 Jan 5;39:1. doi: 10.1186/s40985-017-0078-z. eCollection 2018.
Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) has experienced an unprecedented mining boom since the mid-2000s with unknown effects on sexual and reproductive health (SRH). This study takes the essential first steps of summarizing the available literature regarding SRH in mining contexts in LAC, identifying critical gaps in knowledge, and discussing main implications for future research.
We conducted a scoping review with a systematic search of health literature in four databases, reference lists of selected papers, and citations in Google Scholar.
The systematic search yielded 592 primary references and 16 articles from LAC. The 11 papers finally selected were conducted in gold-mining contexts in Brazil, Venezuela, Guyana, Peru, and Colombia, between 1995 and 2016. Ten studies centered on measuring HIV/STD prevalence among mineworkers and other populations; few examined associated risk factors. Eight studies reported high HIV/STD prevalence in the study population. None of the studies explored broader SRH issues.
Available research is scarce and provides limited evidence on SRH in LAC mining contexts. Critical gaps include little knowledge on (1) broader SRH impacts besides HIV/STDs, (2) SRH in settings different from gold-mining contexts in Amazon countries, (3) mechanisms shaping SRH in LAC mining contexts, and (4) effective interventions in these scenarios. Future research must consider the distinctive demographic, environmental, socioeconomic, and gender dynamics triggered by the mining economy in the analysis of the relationship between mining and SRH, particularly in a period of extractive boom.
自21世纪中叶以来，拉丁美洲和加勒比地区（LAC）经历了前所未有的矿业繁荣，但其对性与生殖健康（SRH）的影响尚不清楚。本研究迈出了关键的第一步，总结了LAC矿业背景下有关SRH的现有文献，确定了知识上的关键差距，并讨论了对未来研究的主要影响。
我们进行了一项范围综述，系统检索了四个数据库中的健康文献、所选论文的参考文献列表以及谷歌学术中的引用文献。
系统检索产生了592篇主要参考文献和16篇来自LAC的文章。最终选定的11篇论文是在1995年至2016年期间，在巴西、委内瑞拉、圭亚那、秘鲁和哥伦比亚的金矿开采背景下进行的。十项研究集中于测量矿工和其他人群中的艾滋病毒/性传播疾病患病率；很少有研究考察相关的风险因素。八项研究报告了研究人群中艾滋病毒/性传播疾病的高患病率。没有一项研究探讨更广泛的SRH问题。
现有研究稀缺，关于LAC矿业背景下的SRH提供的证据有限。关键差距包括对以下方面了解甚少：（1）除艾滋病毒/性传播疾病之外更广泛的SRH影响；（2）亚马逊国家金矿开采背景以外环境中的SRH；（3）LAC矿业背景下影响SRH的机制；（4）在这些情况下的有效干预措施。未来的研究在分析矿业与SRH之间的关系时，必须考虑矿业经济引发的独特人口、环境、社会经济和性别动态，特别是在矿业繁荣时期。
