囚犯中乙型肝炎的流行病学与治疗
Epidemiology and Treatment of Hepatitis B in Prisoners.
作者信息
Smith Jacob M, Uvin A Ziggy, Macmadu Alexandria, Rich Josiah D
机构信息
Division of Infectious Diseases, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI.
Johns Hopkins University.
出版信息
Curr Hepatol Rep. 2017 Sep;16(3):178-183. doi: 10.1007/s11901-017-0364-8. Epub 2017 Aug 7.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The review details recent literature reports regarding Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and, in particular, Hepatitis B prevalence/incidence in incarcerated populations around the world. Furthermore, the review will summarize the national/international guidelines regarding HBV and look at diagnosis, vaccination, treatment, and linkage to care after release.
RECENT FINDINGS
HBV affects prisoners at a much higher rate than the general populations. Many who are at increased risk for HBV infection are also at increased risk for incarceration. Incarcerated settings also have higher rates of HBV transmission.
SUMMARY
Incarcerated individuals should be immunized if they are not already immune to HBV. Increased access to safe injecting and tattoo paraphernalia, condoms, and personal hygiene equipment could reduce the spread of HBV and other blood-borne and sexually transmitted infections. Future research should focus on ways to prevent the spread of HBV and similar viruses in incarcerated settings in order to protect incarcerated individuals and the general public. Research on effective linkage to community HBV care following release is needed.
综述目的
本综述详细介绍了近期有关乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）的文献报道，特别是全球被监禁人群中的乙肝患病率/发病率。此外，该综述将总结有关HBV的国家/国际指南，并探讨诊断、疫苗接种、治疗以及释放后的护理衔接问题。
最新发现
HBV感染囚犯的比例远高于普通人群。许多HBV感染风险增加的人，其被监禁的风险也增加。监禁环境中的HBV传播率也更高。
总结
未对HBV产生免疫的被监禁者应接种疫苗。增加安全注射和纹身用具、避孕套及个人卫生用品的可及性，可减少HBV及其他血源和性传播感染的传播。未来的研究应聚焦于预防HBV及类似病毒在监禁环境中传播的方法，以保护被监禁者和普通公众。还需要开展关于释放后与社区HBV护理有效衔接的研究。
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