乙型肝炎病毒感染的流行病学及疫苗接种对疾病的影响。
Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Impact of Vaccination on Disease.
作者信息
Nelson Noele P, Easterbrook Philippa J, McMahon Brian J
机构信息
Clinical Interventions Team, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS-G37, Atlanta, GA 30329-4018, USA.
Global Hepatitis Programme, HIV Department, World Health Organization, 20 Via Appia, Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
出版信息
Clin Liver Dis. 2016 Nov;20(4):607-628. doi: 10.1016/j.cld.2016.06.006.
Abstract
Integration of hepatitis B vaccination into national immunization programs has resulted in substantial reductions of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission in previously high endemic countries. The key strategy for control of the HBV epidemic is birth dose and infant vaccination. Additional measures include use of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and diagnosis of mothers at high risk of transmitting HBV and use of antiviral agents during pregnancy to decrease maternal DNA concentrations to undetectable concentrations. Despite the substantial decrease in HBV cases since vaccination introduction, implementation of birth dose vaccination in low-income and middle-income countries and vaccination of high-risk adults remain challenging.
摘要
将乙肝疫苗接种纳入国家免疫规划，已使乙肝病毒（HBV）在先前高流行国家的传播大幅减少。控制乙肝流行的关键策略是出生剂量接种和婴儿疫苗接种。其他措施包括使用乙肝免疫球蛋白（HBIG）、诊断有乙肝病毒传播高风险的母亲以及在孕期使用抗病毒药物以将母亲的DNA浓度降至检测不到的水平。尽管自引入疫苗接种以来乙肝病例大幅减少，但在低收入和中等收入国家实施出生剂量疫苗接种以及对高风险成年人进行疫苗接种仍然具有挑战性。
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