Enstad Frøydis, Pedersen Willy, Nilsen Wendy, von Soest Tilmann
Division of Mental and Physical Health, Department of Child Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, PO Box 1096, Blindern, N-0317 Oslo, Norway.
Addict Behav Rep. 2017 Apr 13;6:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.abrep.2017.04.002. eCollection 2017 Dec.
Recent research suggests that early onset of intoxication (EOI) may be of greater importance for a wide range of subsequent adverse outcomes than early drinking experiences without intoxication. However, research on antecedents of EOI is scarce. The present study identifies predictors of EOI and whether they differ from those of early onset of drinking (EOD).
Data was drawn from the prospective Tracking Opportunities and Problems (TOPP) study of Norwegian families ( = 382), which followed up mothers and their children with six data collections from childhood (age 1.5) to adolescence (age 14.5). Self-reports from the adolescents (parenting practices, adolescent's conduct problems and friends' deviant behaviour) and their mothers (adolescent temperament, socio-economic factors and household alcohol problems) were used to identify predictors of EOI and EOD.
A variety of temperamental, socio-economic, and family factors predicted EOI, whereas EOD was predicted of substantially fewer variables. Particularly, when controlling for relevant covariates, low levels of shyness, own conduct problems and having friends with deviant behaviour prospectively predicted EOI, but not EOD.
Future research and prevention efforts should take into consideration that EOI and EOD without getting drunk appear to be predicted by different risk factors in childhood and adolescence.
近期研究表明，与无醉酒的早期饮酒经历相比，早期醉酒发作（EOI）对于一系列后续不良后果可能更为重要。然而，关于EOI antecedents的研究很少。本研究确定了EOI的预测因素，以及它们是否与早期饮酒发作（EOD）的预测因素不同。
数据来自挪威家庭的前瞻性追踪机会与问题（TOPP）研究（n = 382），该研究对母亲及其子女进行了六次数据收集，从童年（1.5岁）到青少年（14.5岁）。青少年的自我报告（养育方式、青少年的行为问题和朋友的偏差行为）及其母亲的自我报告（青少年气质、社会经济因素和家庭酒精问题）被用于确定EOI和EOD的预测因素。
多种气质、社会经济和家庭因素预测了EOI，而预测EOD的变量则少得多。特别是，在控制相关协变量时，低水平的害羞、自身行为问题以及有偏差行为的朋友可前瞻性地预测EOI，但不能预测EOD。
未来的研究和预防工作应考虑到，童年和青少年时期，EOI和未醉酒的EOD似乎由不同的风险因素预测。
