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载有与未载有空平滤波器的碘油中次级电子生成对剂量增强的影响。

Effect of secondary electron generation on dose enhancement in Lipiodol with and without a flattening filter.

机构信息

Radiation Therapy Section, Department of Clinical Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.

Medical and Dental Sciences Course, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.

出版信息

J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2018 Mar;19(2):211-217. doi: 10.1002/acm2.12282. Epub 2018 Feb 15.

DOI:10.1002/acm2.12282
PMID:29450985
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5849857/
Abstract

PURPOSE

Lipiodol, which was used in transcatheter arterial chemoembolization before liver stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), remains in SBRT. Previous we reported the dose enhancement in Lipiodol using 10 MV (10×) FFF beam. In this study, we compared the dose enhancement in Lipiodol and evaluated the probability of electron generation (PEG) for the dose enhancement using flattening filter (FF) and flattening filter free (FFF) beams.

METHODS

FF and FFF for 6 MV (6×) and 10× beams were delivered by TrueBeam. The dose enhancement factor (DEF), energy spectrum, and PEG was calculated using Monte Carlo (MC) code BEAMnrc and heavy ion transport code system (PHITS).

RESULTS

DEFs for FF and FFF 6× beams were 7.0% and 17.0% at the center of Lipiodol (depth, 6.5 cm). DEFs for FF and FFF 10× beams were 8.2% and 10.5% at the center of Lipiodol. Spectral analysis revealed that the FFF beams contained more low-energy (0-0.3 MeV) electrons than the FF beams, and the FF beams contained more high-energy (>0.3 MeV) electrons than the FFF beams in Lipiodol. The difference between FFF and FF beam DEFs was larger for 6× than for 10×. This occurred because the 10× beams contained more high-energy electrons. The PEGs for photoelectric absorption and Compton scattering for the FFF beams were higher than those for the FF beams. The PEG for the photoelectric absorption was higher than that for Compton scattering.

CONCLUSIONS

FFF beam contained more low-energy photons and it contributed to the dose enhancement. Energy spectra and PEGs are useful for analyzing the mechanisms of dose enhancement.

摘要

目的

在肝立体定向体部放射治疗（SBRT）前，碘油已用于经导管动脉化疗栓塞术，仍留在 SBRT 中。之前我们报道了使用 10MV（10×）FFF 射束时碘油的剂量增强。在这项研究中，我们比较了碘油中的剂量增强，并评估了使用平野滤波器（FF）和无平野滤波器（FFF）射束进行剂量增强的电子产生概率（PEG）。

方法

6MV（6×）和 10×射束的 FF 和 FFF 由 TrueBeam 提供。使用蒙特卡罗（MC）代码 BEAMnrc 和重离子传输代码系统（PHITS）计算剂量增强因子（DEF）、能谱和 PEG。

结果

FF 和 FFF 6×射束在碘油中心的 DEF 分别为 7.0%和 17.0%（深度为 6.5cm）。FF 和 FFF 10×射束在碘油中心的 DEF 分别为 8.2%和 10.5%。能谱分析表明，FFF 射束比 FF 射束含有更多的低能（0-0.3MeV）电子，而 FF 射束比 FFF 射束含有更多的高能（>0.3MeV）电子。6×的 FFF 和 FF 射束 DEF 之间的差异大于 10×。这是因为 10×射束含有更多的高能电子。对于光吸收和康普顿散射，FFF 射束的 PEG 高于 FF 射束。光吸收的 PEG 高于康普顿散射的 PEG。

结论

FFF 射束含有更多的低能光子，这有助于剂量增强。能谱和 PEG 可用于分析剂量增强的机制。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9028/5849857/dcdd6672260d/ACM2-19-211-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9028/5849857/cfafa892fbe5/ACM2-19-211-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9028/5849857/3ad966ebf7fe/ACM2-19-211-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9028/5849857/804ae283f42e/ACM2-19-211-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9028/5849857/244bc3587160/ACM2-19-211-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9028/5849857/1f0127bfb024/ACM2-19-211-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9028/5849857/6993b50b6468/ACM2-19-211-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9028/5849857/dcdd6672260d/ACM2-19-211-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9028/5849857/cfafa892fbe5/ACM2-19-211-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9028/5849857/3ad966ebf7fe/ACM2-19-211-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9028/5849857/804ae283f42e/ACM2-19-211-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9028/5849857/244bc3587160/ACM2-19-211-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9028/5849857/1f0127bfb024/ACM2-19-211-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9028/5849857/6993b50b6468/ACM2-19-211-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9028/5849857/dcdd6672260d/ACM2-19-211-g007.jpg

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Small field dosimetry and analysis of flattening filter free beams in true beam system.
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