Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand-263145, India.
Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607.
Microbiol Spectr. 2018 Feb;6(1). doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.PFS-0019-2017.
Preharvest food safety research and activities have advanced over time with the recognition of the importance and complicated nature of the preharvest phase of food production. In developed nations, implementation of preharvest food safety procedures along with strict monitoring and containment at various postharvest stages such as slaughter, processing, storage, and distribution have remarkably reduced the burden of foodborne pathogens in humans. Early detection and adequate surveillance of pathogens at the preharvest stage is of the utmost importance to ensure a safe meat supply. There is an urgent need to develop rapid, cost-effective, and point-of-care diagnostics which could be used at the preharvest stage and would complement postmortem and other quality checks performed at the postharvest stage. With newer methods and technologies, more efforts need to be directed toward developing rapid, sensitive, and specific methods for detection or screening of foodborne pathogens at the preharvest stage. In this review, we will discuss the molecular methods available for detection and molecular typing of bacterial foodborne pathogens at the farm. Such methods include conventional techniques such as endpoint PCR, real-time PCR, DNA microarray, and more advanced techniques such as matrix-assisted layer desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and whole-genome sequencing.
随着人们认识到食品生产收获前阶段的重要性和复杂性，收获前食品安全研究和活动也随之发展。在发达国家，通过实施收获前食品安全程序，并在屠宰、加工、储存和分销等各个收获后阶段进行严格监测和控制，大大降低了食源性病原体对人类的负担。早期在收获前阶段检测和充分监测病原体对于确保安全的肉类供应至关重要。因此，迫切需要开发快速、经济高效且可在现场使用的即时诊断检测方法，以补充收获后阶段进行的尸检和其他质量检查。随着新方法和技术的出现，需要更多地致力于开发用于在收获前阶段检测或筛选食源性病原体的快速、敏感和特异的方法。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论可用于在农场检测和分子分型细菌食源性病原体的分子方法。这些方法包括传统技术，如终点 PCR、实时 PCR、DNA 微阵列，以及更先进的技术，如基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱和全基因组测序。
