a Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences , University of Texas School of Public Health , Dallas , TX , USA.
b Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health , University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth , TX , USA.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2018;44(4):480-487. doi: 10.1080/00952990.2018.1427103. Epub 2018 Feb 16.
Although many formal and informal substance use treatment programs were originally designed for men, no studies have investigated how gender affects the use of substance use treatment modalities, and how gender differences in treatment utilization impact substance use in the unique probation context.
To describe gender differences in use and effectiveness of substance use treatment modalities (formal and informal) among probationers.
Longitudinal data were obtained from 335 individuals (93 women) who participated in the Motivational Assessment Program to Initiate Treatment (MAPIT) study. Timeline follow-back measures were used to quantify daily substance use and treatment modality (formal treatment included inpatient and outpatient treatment; informal treatment included self-help, religious, and all other group meetings). Multivariate generalized estimating equations were used to examine relationships between gender, treatment, and substance use.
Gender was not associated with alcohol use. Use of formal treatment programs reduced the odds of alcohol use by 15%. The probability of alcohol use was the lowest (8%) for men who participated in formal treatment. For men using informal treatment programs, the probability of alcohol use was 11%. The probability of alcohol use for women was similar regardless of the type of treatment utilization (15-16%). No differences in illicit drug use by gender or type of treatment were detected.
This research found limited evidence of a relationship between gender, substance use treatment modality, and alcohol use. These findings have clinical significance in that both formal and informal treatment approaches are similarly effective across both men and women.
尽管许多正式和非正式的药物使用治疗项目最初是专为男性设计的，但没有研究调查性别如何影响药物使用治疗方式的使用，以及在独特的缓刑背景下，治疗利用的性别差异如何影响药物使用。
描述缓刑犯中使用和药物使用治疗方式（正式和非正式）的性别差异。
从参加动机评估计划启动治疗（MAPIT）研究的 335 名个人（93 名女性）中获得了纵向数据。时间线随访测量用于量化每日药物使用和治疗方式（正式治疗包括住院和门诊治疗；非正式治疗包括自助、宗教和所有其他团体会议）。多变量广义估计方程用于检查性别、治疗和药物使用之间的关系。
性别与酒精使用无关。使用正式治疗方案可将酒精使用的几率降低 15%。参加正式治疗的男性酒精使用的概率最低（8%）。对于使用非正式治疗方案的男性，酒精使用的概率为 11%。无论治疗方式如何，女性的酒精使用概率相似（15-16%）。未发现性别或治疗类型与非法药物使用之间存在差异。
这项研究发现性别、药物使用治疗方式和酒精使用之间的关系证据有限。这些发现具有临床意义，因为正式和非正式的治疗方法在男性和女性中同样有效。
