Université de Lille CNRS, UMR 8198-Evo-Eco-Paleo, Lille, France.
Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2018 Apr;42:23-29. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.01.003. Epub 2018 Feb 13.
The genomes of most plant species are dominated by transposable elements (TEs). Once considered as 'junk DNA', TEs are now known to have a major role in driving genome evolution. Over the last decade, it has become apparent that some stress conditions and other environmental stimuli can drive bursts of activity of certain TE families and consequently new TE insertions. These can give rise to altered gene expression patterns and phenotypes, with new TE insertions sometimes causing flanking genes to become transcriptionally responsive to the same stress conditions that activated the TE in the first place. Such connections between TE-mediated increases in diversity and an accelerated rate of genome evolution provide powerful mechanisms for plants to adapt more rapidly to new environmental conditions. This review will focus on environmentally induced transposition, the mechanisms by which it alters gene expression, and the consequences for plant genome evolution and breeding.
大多数植物物种的基因组都以转座因子 (TEs) 为主导。TEs 曾经被认为是“垃圾 DNA”，但现在已知它们在驱动基因组进化方面起着重要作用。在过去的十年中，人们已经明显认识到某些胁迫条件和其他环境刺激可以驱动某些 TE 家族的活性爆发，从而导致新的 TE 插入。这可能导致基因表达模式和表型发生变化，新的 TE 插入有时会使侧翼基因对最初激活 TE 的相同胁迫条件产生转录响应。TE 介导的多样性增加与基因组进化加速之间的这种联系为植物更快地适应新环境条件提供了强大的机制。这篇综述将重点介绍环境诱导的转座、它改变基因表达的机制，以及对植物基因组进化和育种的影响。
