Goldsmiths, University of London, New Cross, London, SE14 6NW, UK.
Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018 Apr 1;185:149-167. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.01.003. Epub 2018 Feb 9.
Although there is considerable evidence of an association between impulsivity and cigarette smoking, the magnitude of this association varies across studies. Impulsivity comprises several discrete traits that may influence cigarette use in different ways. The present meta-analysis aims to examine the direction and magnitude of relationships between specific impulsivity-related traits, namely lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, sensation seeking, negative urgency, positive urgency and reward sensitivity and both smoking status and severity of nicotine dependence in adults across studies and to delineate differences in effects across these relationships.
Ninety-seven studies were meta-analysed using random-effects models to examine the relationship between impulsivity-related traits and smoking status and severity of nicotine dependence. A number of demographic and methodological variables were also assessed as potential moderators.
Smoking status and severity of nicotine dependence were significantly associated with all impulsivity-related traits except reward sensitivity. Lack of premeditation and positive urgency showed the largest associations with smoking status (r = 0.20, r = 0.24 respectively), while positive urgency showed the largest association with severity of nicotine dependence (r = 0.23). Study design moderated associations between lack of premeditation and lack of perseverance and smoking status, with larger effects found in cross-sectional compared to prospective studies.
Finding suggest that impulsivity is associated with an increased likelihood of being a smoker and greater nicotine dependence. Specific impulsivity-related traits differentially relate to smoking status and severity of nicotine dependence. Understanding the complexity of impulsivity-related traits in relation to smoking can help to identify potential smokers and could inform cessation treatment.
尽管有大量证据表明冲动性与吸烟之间存在关联，但这种关联在不同的研究中存在差异。冲动性由几个不同的特征组成，这些特征可能以不同的方式影响吸烟。本荟萃分析旨在研究特定与冲动性相关的特征（即缺乏预谋、缺乏毅力、寻求刺激、消极冲动、积极冲动和奖励敏感性）与吸烟状况和成人尼古丁依赖严重程度之间的关系方向和大小，并描绘这些关系中效应的差异。
使用随机效应模型对 97 项研究进行荟萃分析，以研究与冲动性相关的特征与吸烟状况和尼古丁依赖严重程度之间的关系。还评估了一些人口统计学和方法学变量作为潜在的调节变量。
吸烟状况和尼古丁依赖严重程度与所有与冲动性相关的特征均显著相关，除了奖励敏感性。缺乏预谋和积极冲动与吸烟状况的关联最大（r=0.20，r=0.24），而积极冲动与尼古丁依赖严重程度的关联最大（r=0.23）。研究设计调节了缺乏预谋和缺乏毅力与吸烟状况之间的关联，横断面研究比前瞻性研究发现的影响更大。
研究结果表明，冲动性与吸烟的可能性增加和尼古丁依赖程度增加有关。特定与冲动性相关的特征与吸烟状况和尼古丁依赖严重程度的关系不同。了解与吸烟有关的冲动性相关特征的复杂性有助于识别潜在的吸烟者，并为戒烟治疗提供信息。
