Reis Sara, Pavia Ivo, Carvalho Ana, Moutinho-Pereira José, Correia Carlos, Lima-Brito José
Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro (BioISI-UTAD), 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
Protoplasma. 2018 Jul;255(4):1179-1194. doi: 10.1007/s00709-018-1222-4. Epub 2018 Feb 16.
Currently, the biofortification of crops like wheat with micronutrients such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) is extremely important due to the deficiencies of these micronutrients in the human diet and in soils. Agronomic biofortification with Fe and Zn can be done through different exogenous strategies such as soil application, foliar spraying, and seed priming. However, the excess of these micronutrients can be detrimental to the plants. Therefore, in the last decade, a high number of studies focused on the evaluation of their phytotoxic effects to define the best strategies for biofortification of bread wheat. In this study, we investigated the effects of seed priming with different dosages (1 mg L to 8 mg L) of Fe and/or Zn in germination, mitosis and yield of bread wheat cv. 'Jordão' when compared with control. Overall, our results showed that: micronutrient dosages higher than 4 mg L negatively affect the germination; Fe and/or Zn concentrations higher than 2 mg L significantly decrease the mitotic index and increase the percentage of dividing cells with anomalies; treatments performed with 8 mg L of Fe and/or 8 mg L Zn caused negative effects in germination, mitosis and grain yield. Moreover, seed priming with 2 mg L Fe + 2 mg L Zn has been shown to be non-cytotoxic, ensuring a high rate of germination (80%) and normal dividing cells (90%) as well as improving tillering and grain yield. This work revealed that seed priming with Fe and Zn micronutrients constitutes a useful and alternative approach for the agronomic biofortification of bread wheat.
目前，鉴于人类饮食和土壤中微量营养素如铁（Fe）和锌（Zn）的缺乏，用这些微量营养素对小麦等作物进行生物强化极为重要。通过土壤施用、叶面喷施和种子引发等不同的外源策略可以实现铁和锌的农艺生物强化。然而，这些微量营养素过量会对植物有害。因此，在过去十年中，大量研究聚焦于评估它们的植物毒性效应，以确定面包小麦生物强化的最佳策略。在本研究中，我们研究了用不同剂量（1毫克/升至8毫克/升）的铁和/或锌对面包小麦品种‘若尔当’进行种子引发在发芽、有丝分裂和产量方面的影响，并与对照进行比较。总体而言，我们的结果表明：高于4毫克/升的微量营养素剂量对发芽有负面影响；高于2毫克/升的铁和/或锌浓度会显著降低有丝分裂指数，并增加异常分裂细胞的百分比；用8毫克/升的铁和/或8毫克/升的锌处理对发芽、有丝分裂和籽粒产量产生负面影响。此外，用2毫克/升铁 + 2毫克/升锌进行种子引发已被证明无细胞毒性，可确保高发芽率（80%）和正常分裂细胞（90%），并提高分蘖和籽粒产量。这项工作表明，用铁和锌微量营养素进行种子引发是面包小麦农艺生物强化的一种有用且替代的方法。
