Carvalho Ana, Lino Alexandra, Alves Carolina, Lino Catarina, Vareiro Débora, Lucas Diogo, Afonso Gabriela, Costa José, Esteves Margarida, Gaspar Maria, Bezerra Mário, Mendes Vladimir, Lima-Brito José
Plant Cytogenomics Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Jun 30;12(13):2517. doi: 10.3390/plants12132517.
Hexaploid triticale results from crosses between durum wheat and rye. Despite its high agronomic potential, triticale is mainly used for livestock feed. Triticale surpasses their parental species in adaptability and tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses, being able to grow in acidic soils where a high amount of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) is typical. On the other hand, high amounts of these essential trace elements can be cytotoxic to bread wheat. The cytotoxicity induced by seed priming with a high concentration of Fe and Zn impaired root cell division and induced nucleolar changes in bread wheat. Such cytogenetic approaches were expedited and successfully determined cytotoxic and suited micronutrient dosages for wheat nutripriming. With this study, we intended to analyse the hexaploid triticale cv 'Douro' root mitotic cell cycle and nucleolar activity after seed priming performed with aqueous solutions of iron (Fe) and/or zinc (Zn), containing a concentration that was previously considered cytotoxic, to bread wheat and to infer the higher tolerance of triticale to these treatments. The overall cytogenetic data allowed us to conclude that the Fe + Zn treatment enhanced the root mitotic index (MI), mitosis regularity and nucleolar activity of 'Douro' relative to the control and the individual treatments performed with Fe or Zn alone. The Fe + Zn treatment might suit triticale biofortification through seed priming.
六倍体小黑麦是硬粒小麦和黑麦杂交的产物。尽管小黑麦具有很高的农艺潜力，但主要用于牲畜饲料。小黑麦在对非生物和生物胁迫的适应性和耐受性方面超过了其亲本物种，能够在典型的富含大量铁（Fe）和锌（Zn）的酸性土壤中生长。另一方面，这些必需微量元素的高含量对面包小麦可能具有细胞毒性。用高浓度的铁和锌进行种子引发所诱导的细胞毒性损害了面包小麦的根细胞分裂并导致核仁变化。此类细胞遗传学方法得到了加速，并成功确定了用于小麦营养引发的细胞毒性和适宜的微量营养素剂量。通过这项研究，我们旨在分析用铁（Fe）和/或锌（Zn）的水溶液进行种子引发后六倍体小黑麦品种‘杜罗’的根有丝分裂细胞周期和核仁活性，这些水溶液的浓度先前被认为对面包小麦具有细胞毒性，并推断小黑麦对这些处理具有更高的耐受性。总体细胞遗传学数据使我们得出结论，相对于对照以及单独用铁或锌进行的处理，铁 + 锌处理提高了‘杜罗’的根有丝分裂指数（MI）、有丝分裂规律性和核仁活性。铁 + 锌处理可能适合通过种子引发对小黑麦进行生物强化。
